Mental Math to Add and Subtract Decimals Jen Kershaw, M.ed Kimberly Hopkins Jen Kershaw
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AUTHORS Jen Kershaw, M.ed Kimberly Hopkins Jen Kershaw
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Mental Math to Add and Subtract Decimals
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Mental Math to Add and Subtract Decimals
In this concept, you will learn how to use mental math to add and subtract decimals.
Marlo is having a party. He needs to buy the party snacks and drinks from different stores. Marlo spends $21.60 at the first store and $19.40 at the second store. He’s wondering if he can afford to go to a third store for more snacks. He doesn’t have a calculator but wants to quickly figure out how much he’s spent so far so. How can mental math help calculate how much Marlo has already spent on snacks? In this concept, you will learn how to use mental math to add and subtract decimals.
Sums and Differences Using Mental Math
Sometimes, you don’t need to go through all of the work of lining up decimal points and filling in the zeros. Sometimes you can use mental math to figure out the sum of two decimals. When you have a decimal where the decimal parts can easily add up to be one whole, you can use mental math to figure out the sum. Think about this. If you had 0.30 + 0.70, you know that 3 + 7 is 10, therefore you know that 0.30 + 0.70 is 1.00. Let’s look at an example.
5.30 + 6.70 Start by looking at the decimals. 0.30 + 0.70 is 1, then combine the whole numbers and add the total of the decimals to get an answer:
5 + 6 = 11 11 + 1 = 12 The answer is 12. 1
www.ck12.org Sometimes you can use mental math to figure out the difference of two decimals. Look for which decimals add up to a whole and go from there. Let’s look at an example.
25.00 − 22.50 First, notice that 0.50 can easily be paired with 0.50 to equal one whole. Next, round 22.50 to the nearest whole number and subtract that value from 25.
25 − 23 = 2 Then, combine the decimal and the whole number.
2 + 0.50 = 2.50
The answer is 25.00 - 22.50 = 2.50
Examples Example 1
Earlier, you were given a problem about Marlo shopping for party snacks. He spends $21.60 at one store and $19.40 at a second store. Marlo wants to quickly combine these totals. Can you use use mental math to find the sum of $21.60 and $19.40? First, add the decimals.
0.60 + 0.40 = 1 Next, add the whole numbers.
12 + 19 = 31 Then, combine the two sums.
31 + 1 = 32 The answer is that $21.60 + $19.40 = $32.00. Marlo spent a combined total of $32.00 at the two stores. 2
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Chapter 1. Mental Math to Add and Subtract Decimals
Example 2
Kiley went shopping and spent $5.60. She gave the clerk a ten dollar bill. What was her change? First, what decimal added to 0.60 makes it a whole number?
0.40 Next, round 5.60 to the nearest whole number and subtract that from 10
10 − 6 = 4 Then, combine the decimal and the whole number.
4 + 0.40 = 4.40 The answer is 10 - 5.60 = 4.40. Example 3
Add using mental math.
33.50 + 5.50 First, look at the decimals. The decimals easily add up to one whole. Next, combine the decimals and the whole numbers separately.
0.50 + 0.50 = 1 33 + 5 = 38 Then, add the two sums together.
38 + 1 = 39 The answer is 33.50 + 5.50 = 39. Example 4 Subtract using mental math. 10 − 3.75
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www.ck12.org First, what decimal added to 0.75 makes it a whole number?
0.25 Next, round 3.75 to the nearest whole number and subtract that from 10
10 − 4 = 6 Then, combine the decimal and the whole number.
6 + 0.25 = 6.25 The answer is 10 - 3.75 = 6.25 Example 5 Add using mental math.
18.25 + 2.25 First, add the decimals.
0.25 + 0.25 = 0.50 Next, add the whole numbers.
18 + 2 = 20
Then, combine the two sums.
20 + 0.50 = 20.50 The answer is that 18.25 + 2.25 = 20.50. Review
Use mental math to compute each sum or difference. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4
.50 + 6.25 = _____ 1.75 + 2.25 = _____ 3.50 + 4.50 = _____ 7.25 + 1.25 = _____
www.ck12.org 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Chapter 1. Mental Math to Add and Subtract Decimals
8.75 + 3.25 = _____ 8.50 + 2.50 = _____ 10 + 4.50 = _____ 12 + 3.75 = _____ 15.50 - 5.25 = _____ 20 - 15.50 = _____ 10 - 4.50 = _____ 30 - 15.50 = _____ 40 - 16.40 = _____ 75 - 50.50 = _____ 80 - 40.25 = _____
Review (Answers)
To see the Review answers, open this PDF file and look for section 3.19. Resources
MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/167933
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