KEY PHYSIO | Joint Review Worksheet Directions: Answer the following questions using your notes and or the book. 1. An alternative name for a joint: Articulation 2. What does the prefix ‘arthr’ mean? Joint 3. How is movement within a joint determined? a. Shape of the articulating bones b. The flexibility of the ligaments that join bones together c. The tension of associated muscles and tendons 4. The structural classification of joints is based on which two criteria? a. The presence or absence of a synovial cavity b. The type of connective tissue that binds the bones together 5. Structurally joints are classified as: a. Fibrous b. Cartilaginous c. Synovial Match the following joint characteristics with their joint. Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all. 6. Fibrous Joints: a, b 7. Cartilaginous Joints: b, c 8. Synovial Joints: d, e, f, g 9. The functional classification of joints relates to… The degree of movement allowed by the joint. 10. Functionally joints are classified as: a. Immovable = Synarthrosis (synarthrotic) b. Slightly Movable = Amphiarthrosis (amphiarthrotic) c. Freely Movable = Diarthrosis (diarthrotic)
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Fibrous Connective Tissue Lack a Synovial Cavity Cartilage Have a Synovial Cavity Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Articular Capsule Ligaments
11. Fill in the following table about joints: Joint
Structural Class
Functional Class
Suture
fibrous
Synarthrosis (Synarthrotic)
Description Type interlocking seams
Gomphosis
fibrous
Synarthrosis (Synarthrotic)
peg‐and‐socket joint
Synchondrosis
cartilaginous
synarthrosis (immovable)
hyaline cartilage joint
Syndesmosis
fibrous
Amphiarthrosis (Amphiarthrotic)
Symphyisis
cartilaginous
amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
Planar
synovial
diarthrosis (freely movable)
two sliding surfaces
between carpals and tarsals
synovial
Diarthrosis (Diarthrotic
Opening & closing motion
between humerus & ulna Femur & tibia Between phalanges
Hinge
ligament or distal interosseous membrane fibrocartilage acts as compressible cushion
rounded end fits into ring of bone and ligament Convex oval shape fits into the concave oval shape of another bone
Example/Description of Joint between cranial bones Root of tooth and mandabile/maxilla between diaphysis and epiphysis in long bones and between the sternum and the first rib joint of tibia and fibula
intervertebral discs of vertebral column and between pubic bones
Between radius & ulna, atlantoaxial joint: between altas (C1) & axis (C2) vertebrae )
Pivot
synovial
diarthrosis (freely movable)
Condyloid
synovial
Diarthrosis (Diarthrotic)
Saddle
synovial
diarthrosis (freely movable)
each surface is both concave and convex
Between carpal & metacarpal of thumb
synovial
Diarthrosis (Diarthrotic)
ball-shaped head with cup-shaped socket
between femur and pelvis between scapula & humerus
Ball & Socket
between radius and carpals
12. Using the picture, label the structural and functional category of each joint:
a. (1) (Ball & Socket) Structure: Synovial, Function: Diarthrotosis b. (2) (Hinge) Structure: Synovial, Function: Diarthrosis c. (3) (Symphysis) Structure: Cartilaginous, Function: Amphiarthrosis d. (4) (Conyloid) Structure: Synovial, Function: Diarthrosis e. (5) (Syndesmosis) Structure: Fibrous, Function: Amphiarthrosis f. (6) (Suture) Structure: Fibrous, Function: Synarthrosis g. (7) (Symphysis) Structure: Cartilaginous, Function = Amphiarthrosis i. If the line had been pointing to the atlas and axis cervical vertebrae (superior to #7) then the joint would be classified as pivot, structure = synovial, function = diarthrosis h. (8) (Synchrondrosis) Structure: Cartilaginous, Function: Synarthrosis i.
(9) (Ball & Socket) Structure: Synovial, Function: Diarthrosis
j.
(10) (Hinge) Structure: Synovial, Function: Diarthrosis
k. (11) (Gomphosis) Structure: Fibrous, Function: Synarthrosis
13. Using the pictures below decide which type of synovial joint they belong to. You may write the answer on the line provided in each of the pictures. a. (1): Saddle Joint b. (2): Hinge c. (3): Planar d. (4): Ball & Socket e. (5): Condyloid f. (6): Pivot
