Name: __________________________ Observations Observation
vs
Inference
based on 5 senses and
ideas based on observations
and measurement
can be possibly wrong
Chem 10 Midterm Study Guide
Qualitative Obs. based on 5 senses
Vs Quantitative Obs. based on measurements
numerical
Label as Qualitative or Quantitative Circle the inferences and leave the observations alone. 1) There are five dogs. inference quantitative ___________ inference 2)The object smells like flowers. inference qualitative ___________ 3)There is one moon. quantitative ___________ 4) 99% of students complete their Inference homework. quantitative Scientific Method, Variables, and Constants parts of the experiment that remain the same throughout the experiment as to not effect the outcome Define… A) Constants -__________________________________________________________ variable that experimentor controls or manipulates in order to see the effect B) Independent Variable-________________________________________________________ variable that depends on the independent variable/changes in response and that is observed C) Dependent Variables - ________________________________________________________ In the scenarios below, identify the independent and dependent variable and 2 constants.
energy drink or water test scores type of exam, type of students, amount of students,etc
frequency of watering
the plant growth amount of plants, type of plant, soil, sun,etc
Metrics & Simple Conversions **You must know how to read a ruler. What is the acronym used to remember the SI prefixes? What are the prefixes (from kilo to milli)
Perform the following conversions. 4.5
.004 .002 .012 3 .0382
250
.5 7.5 15000
Significant Figures & Scientific Notation How to Convert to Scientific Notation 1) Leading zeroes never count 2) Trailing zeroes only count if there is a decimal pt. 3) Any number that isn’t a leading or trailing zero count
8933 131.25 81680 2 3
4.954 * 10^ -8
3
2.8741 * 10^ -4 3
7.68 * 10^ - 2 1 Dimensional Analysis Perform the following conversions. Show your work (train tracks!)
3.6344 * 10^ - 4
1 mile= 5280 ft 1inch=2.54 cm 3ft=1 yard 454g = 1 lb 946mL=1qt 4qt = 1 gal 10 mm = 1 cm 12 inches = 1 ft 1. 1) 5400 inches to miles 4) 36 cm/sec to miles/hour (mph)
5400 inches/1 * 1 foot/12 inches * 1 mile/5280 ft = 5400/63360 miles = 0.085 miles
36 cm/sec * 60 sec/1min * 60 min/hr * 1 in/2.54 cm * 1 foot/12 inches * 1 mile/5280 ft = (36 * 60 * 60)/(2.54 * 12 * 5280) = 0.805 mph
2) 16 weeks to seconds
5) 1.09 g/mL to lbs/gal 1.09 g/mL ≈ 9.096 lbs/gal
16 weeks/1 * 7 days/1 week * 24 hours/1 day * 60 minutes/1 hour * 60 seconds/1 minute = (16*7*24*60*60)/1 seconds = 9676800 seconds 3) 54 yards to mm 54 yards/1 * 36 inches/1 yard * 2.54 cm/1 inch * 10 mm/1 cm = 49377.6 mm
6.) 2.18 g/mL to lbs/gal 2.18 (g / ml) = 18.1929817 pounds / gal
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas Draw a particle diagram from the simulation and write the properties taped to the table in each.
Physical vs Chemical Properties & Changes What is the key difference between physical and chemical properties & changes? Give 3 examples of each.
What are the signs of chemical change? List them below.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures In the boxes below, draw the particle diagram for each and write the definition in the box.
Heterogeneous vs Homogenous Mixtures Describe the main differences between heterogenous vs homogenous mixtures. (Include the number of phase each has and other characteristics of each.) What were the examples in the reading?
Write the NAME of the card and your Answer in the Chart Below Hetero or Homogenous? Item Item
Hetero or Homogenous?
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas What is a crystalline structure? Give an Example of objects that have this structure. Which state of matter does a crystalline structures fall under?
ANSWERS FOR THIS PAGE GIVEN IN CLASS
Physical vs Chemical Properties & Changes Sort each as Physical or Chemical Property.
What is the difference between intensive physical properties and extensive physical properties? Label each below as Intensive or Extensive. Mass - ___________ Density- _______________ Color - ___________ Scent-______________ Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Label each Element, Compound, or Mixture.
Heterogeneous vs Homogenous Mixtures – Label as heterogeneous or homogenous.
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas What is a crystalline structure? Give an Example of objects that have this structure. Which state of matter does a crystalline structures fall under?
Physical vs Chemical Properties & Changes Sort each as Physical or Chemical Property.
What is the difference between intensive physical properties and extensive physical properties? Label each below as Intensive or Extensive. Mass - ___________ Density- _______________ Color - ___________ Scent-______________ Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Label each Element, Compound, or Mixture.
Heterogeneous vs Homogenous Mixtures – Label as heterogeneous or homogenous. 1) Sugar and Salt in Water 2) Oil and Water 3) Paint 4) Sand and Water 5) Cereal with milk and Fruit 6) Orange Juice ( No Pulp) 7) Chunky Soup
Atomic Structure
Finding P, N, and E, Ions vs Isotopes, & Reading/Writing Atoms Steps to Find P, N, & E Using Atomic # and Mass 1) 2) 3)
!
Practice Problems
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Define Each Term Below. Label the four items above as an atom, ion, and/or isotope. 1) Ion2) IsotopeHistory of the Atom List the Scientists in Chronological Order and their discovers/models of atoms along the timeline below
_____________________________________________________________________________
Atomic Structure – Draw the atoms below using Bohr Models and write the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons 1) 2)! ! ! ! ! 6 protons Protons- 6 neutrons 6 electrons NeutronsElectrons 3)
! ! ! ! !
9 protons Protons10 neutrons Neutrons- 9 electrons Electrons
4)
!
9 protons Protons10 neutrons Neutrons- 10 electrons Electrons-
5)
! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
!
5 protons Protons6 neutrons Neutrons- 5 electrons Electrons-
ProtonsNeutronsElectrons 6)
! ! ! ! !
ProtonsNeutronsElectrons-
12 protons 12 neutrons 12 electrons
!
7 protons 7 neutrons 7 electrons
