Immune System Defenses
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Immune System Defenses
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Immune System Defenses
Key Concepts • • • • • •
Immune system Specific immune responses Lymph and lymphocytes B cells and T cells Immunity Vaccination
Standards
Lesson Objectives • Identify the parts of the immune system and the roles they play in immune responses. • Compare and contrast immune responses involving B cell and those involving T cells. • Define immunity, and explain two ways that immunity may be acquired.
Lesson Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • • •
antibody: large, Y-shaped molecule that binds to an antigen and marks it for destruction by a phagocyte immune response: immune system’s reaction to a specific pathogen immune system: body system that fights to protect the body from specific pathogens immunity: ability of the immune system to launch a rapid attack against a specific pathogen and prevent disease because the immune system “remembers” the pathogen from a previous exposure lymph: yellowish liquid that leaks out of capillaries into spaces between cells and circulates through lymph vessels before returning to the blood lymph node: one of many small oval structures located along lymph vessels that filter pathogens out of lymph lymphocyte: type of white blood cell involved in an immune system response; B cell or T cell spleen: organ of the immune system located in the abdomen that filters pathogens out of the blood thymus gland: organ of the immune system located in the chest that stores lymphocytes called T cells while they mature tonsil: one of a pair of immune system organs located on either side of the throat that trap pathogens entering the body through the mouth or nose vaccination: process of deliberately exposing a person to a pathogen, usually by injection, so the person will develop immunity to it 1
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Teaching Strategies Introducing the Lesson
Show the class an image of a child receiving a vaccine by injection (see URL below). Call on students to explain why getting a “shot” of vaccine may protect you from getting a specific disease in the future. Continue probing to elicit knowledge students already have about vaccinations and immunity, including what they know from personal experience. Accept all reasonable responses. Then tell students they will learn how vaccinations work when they read this lesson. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Vaccination.jpg Demonstration
Demonstrate how the immune system functions with the student-friendly cartoon video at this URL: http://kidshealt h.org/kid/closet/movies/ISmovie.html Activity
In the class activity “Acting Out the Immune Response” at the URL below, students will act out a nonspecific and then a specific response to an invading pathogen. Each student will have an assigned role in the activity, and props will be used. https://www.aai.org/Education/Summer_Teachers/Docs/Archive/2003_Porter_Final.pdf Differentiated Instruction
Have students create a Frayer model by dividing a sheet of paper into four large squares labeled “Definition,” “Drawing,” “Example,” and “Non-example.” Then tell students to fill in the boxes for the term immunity. Enrichment
Suggest that students play the game “POX: Save the People” (available for free at the URL below), based on a popular board game. The game challenges 1-4 players to stop the spread of a deadly disease by vaccinating and treating people. The game is not only fun. It also teaches players about the concept of group immunity and the importance of vaccinations at the population level. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pox-save-the-people/id475604 824?mt=8 Science Inquiry
With the inquiry activity at the following URLs, students can use simple materials to model how memory cells lead to immunity. The first link is the student handout for the activity. The second link is the teacher’s guide. (stu dent handout) http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/Classroom_Activity_Student_Immune_Respon se.shtml (student handout) (teacher’s guide) http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/Classroom_Activi ty_Educator_Immune_Response.shtml (teacher’s guide) Overcoming Misconceptions
The short article at the following URL debunks several common (and potentially dangerous) myths about vaccines. Either assign the article for students to read or share the important points with your class. http://www.historyofvacc ines.org/content/articles/misconceptions-about-vaccines 2
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Chapter 1. Immune System Defenses
Reinforce and Review Lesson Worksheets
Copy and distribute the Lesson 21.4 worksheets in CK-12 MS Life Science Workbook. Ask students to complete the worksheets alone or in pairs to reinforce lesson content. Lesson Review Questions
Have students answer the Review Questions at the end of Lesson 21.4 in CK-12 MS Life Science Flexbook. Answers are provided below. 1. What is an immune response? 2. Identify three immune system organs and their functions. 3. Some diseases are diagnosed by looking for antibodies in the patient’s blood. Explain what a positive finding of antibodies means. 4. Compare and contrast how B cells and T cells respond to pathogens. 5. Explain how vaccinations can protect you from infectious diseases such as measles and chicken pox. Lesson Quiz
Check students’ mastery of the lesson with Lesson 21.4 Quiz in CK-12 MS Life Science Assessments.
Points to Consider Diseases caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented with a vaccination. HPV infects organs of the reproductive system. • What are some organs of the reproductive system? • What is the function of the reproductive system?
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