GRADE 7 & 8 SCIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS In-School Preparation (includes Curriculum Correlations)
page 2
Amusement Ride Activities
page 22
Park Exploration
page 71
Consumer Survey
page 71
Building Project – WonderCoaster Competition
page 71
Building Project Report
page 71
Answer Key
page 81
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
1
GRADE 7 & 8 IN-SCHOOL PREPARATION MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS – Ontario Curriculum Correlations AMUSEMENT RIDE RUBRICS BASIC MEASUREMENTS MATH PRACTICE LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISE
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS
CW Physics, Science & Math Day Activities A correlation with the Ontario Science Curriculum Grades 7 & 8 This is a list of the Specific Expectations met by our activities. They are divided by the type of activity we provide and the expectations these activities meet. Sometimes beside the question in the activity portion of the manual there will be specific reference to which expectation the activity meets. G7 – refers to Grade 7 Expectation number G8 – refers to Grade 8 Expectation number
Grade 7 – Understanding Structures and Mechanisms Form and Function Amusement Ride Activities Includes activities related to Riptide, The Bat, Vortex, Mighty Canadian Minebuster, and Flight Deck Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.3 investigate the factors that determine the ability of a structure to support a load 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to determine the most efficient way for a structure to support a given load 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, including in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.1 classify structures as solid structures, frame structures, or shell structures 3.2 describe ways in which the centre of gravity of a structure affects the structure’s stability 3.3 identify the magnitude, direction, point of application, and plane of application of the forces applied to a structure 3.4 distinguish between external forces and internal forces acting on a structure 3.5 describe the role of symmetry in structures
Park Exploration Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.3 investigate the factors that determine the ability of a structure to support a load 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to determine the most efficient way for a structure to support a given load 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.1 classify structures as solid structures, frame structures, or shell structures 3.2 describe ways in which the centre of gravity of a structure affects the structure’s stability 3.3 identify the magnitude, direction, point of application, and plane of application of the forces applied to a structure 3.5 describe the role of symmetry in structures
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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Consumer Survey Relating Science and Technology to Society and the Environment 1.1 evaluate the importance for individuals, society, the economy, and the environment of factors that should be considered in designing and building structures and devices to meet specific needs Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, including in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes
Wonderland Building Project (Roller Coaster) – see Contest rules on website Relating Science and Technology to Society and the Environment 1.1 evaluate the importance for individuals, society, the economy, and the environment of factors that should be considered in designing and building structures and devices to meet specific needs Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.1 follow established safety procedures for using tools and handling materials 2.2 design, construct, and use physical models to investigate the effects of various forces on structures 2.3 investigate the factors that determine the ability of a structure to support a load 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to determine the most efficient way for a structure to support a given load 2.5 investigate methods used by engineers to ensure structural safety 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.3 identify the magnitude, direction, point of application, and plane of application of the forces applied to a structure 3.4 distinguish between external forces and internal forces acting on a structure 3.5 describe the role of symmetry in structures 3.6 identify and describe factors that can cause a structure to fail 3.7 identify the factors that determine the suitability of materials for use in manufacturing a product
Building Project Report Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.3 investigate the factors that determine the ability of a structure to support a load 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, including in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.2 describe ways in which the centre of gravity of a structure affects the structure’s stability 3.3 identify the magnitude, direction, point of application, and plane of application of the forces applied to a structure 3.4 distinguish between external forces and internal forces acting on a structure 3.5 describe the role of symmetry in structures 3.7 identify the factors that determine the suitability of materials for use in manufacturing a product
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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Grade 8 – Understanding Structures and Mechanisms Systems in Action Amusement Ride Activities Includes activities related to Riptide, The Bat, Vortex, Mighty Canadian Minebuster, Flight Deck and Drop Zone Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.2 investigate the work done in a variety of everyday activities and record the findings quantitatively 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to investigate a system that performs a function or meets 2.5 investigate the information and support provided to consumers/clients to ensure that a system functions safely and effectively 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.3 identify the various processes and components of a system that allow it to perform its function efficiently and safely 3.5 understand and use the formula work = force × distance (W = F×d) to establish the relationship between work, force, and distance moved parallel to the force in simple systems
Park Exploration Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.3 identify the various processes and components of a system that allow it to perform its function efficiently and safely
Consumer Survey Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.9 identify social factors that influence the evolution of a system
Wonderland Build Project (Roller Coaster) – see Contest Rules on website Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.1 - follow established safety procedures for working with apparatus, tools, materials, 2.2 investigate the work done in a variety of everyday activities and record the findings quantitatively 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to investigate a system that performs a function or meets a need
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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Building Project Report Relating Science and Technology to Society and the Environment 1.1 assess the social, economic, and environmental impacts of automating systems 1.2 assess the impact on individuals, society, and the environment of alternative ways of meeting needs that are currently met by existing systems, taking different points of view into consideration Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.2 investigate the work done in a variety of everyday activities and record the findings quantitatively 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills to investigate a system that performs a function or meets a need 2.6 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary, in oral and written communication 2.7 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes Understanding Basic Concepts 3.5 understand and use the formula work = force × distance (W = F×d) to establish the relationship between work, force, and distance moved parallel to the force in simple systems
Grade 8 – Understanding Matter and Energy - Fluids Amusement Ride Activities Includes activities related to Riptide, The Bat, Vortex, Mighty Canadian Minebuster, Flight Deck and Drop Zone Developing Investigation and Communication Skills 2.7 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary in oral and written communication Understanding Basic Concepts 3.1 demonstrate an understanding of viscosity and compare the viscosity of various liquids 3.4 explain the difference between liquids and gases in terms of their compressibility and how their compressibility affects their usage 3.6 explain in qualitative terms the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature when a liquid or a gas is compressed or heated 3.8 compare the ways in which fluids are used and controlled in living things to the ways in which they are used and controlled in manufactured devices
Park Exploration and Consumer Survey 2.7 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary in oral and written communication 2.8 use a variety of forms to communicate with different audiences and for a variety of purposes
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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AMUSEMENT RIDE JOURNAL ENTRY RUBRIC
CATEGORY
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
how the forces of tension and compression act on the basic structural and design features such as cylindrical piers, triangulation, etc.
- shows some understanding of how the forces of tension and compression act on the basic structural and design features such as cylindrical piers, triangulation, etc.
- shows understanding of how the forces of tension and compression act on the basic structural and design features such as cylindrical piers, triangulation, etc.
- shows thorough understanding of how the forces of tension and compression act on the basic structural and design features such as cylindrical piers, triangulation, etc.
- communicates information and ideas with limited clarity and precision
- communicates information and ideas with moderate clarity and precision
- communicates information and ideas with clarity and precision
- communicates information and ideas with a high degree of clarity and precision
- shows limited understanding of how science and technology are utilized in the design and manufacture of amusement park rides
- shows some understanding of how science and technology are utilized in the design and manufacture of amusement park rides
- shows understanding of how science and technology are utilized in the design and manufacture of amusement park rides
- shows thorough understanding of how science and technology are utilized in the design and manufacture of amusement park rides
Understanding - shows limited understanding of of concepts Demonstrates an understanding of the effect of forces acting on different structures and mechanisms
Communication Uses appropriate vocabulary, including correct science and technology terminology to reflect on the structural and design features of the rides
Relating science and technology to each other and the world outside the school
GRADE 7 & 8
Evaluate the design of systems that include structures and mechanisms
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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BASIC MEASUREMENTS To get ready for the trip to Canada’s Wonderland for the Physics, Science and Math program, you should find answers to all of the questions below. On the day of the trip, take this sheet with you so you can use the numbers. TIME Number of seconds per minute
__________________
Number of minutes per hour
__________________
Number of seconds per hour
__________________
YOUR BODY MEASUREMENTS Height
__________ cm
__________ m
Arm span
__________ cm
__________ m
Length of shoe
__________ cm
__________ m
Hand Span
__________ cm
__________ m
PULSE AND BREATHING RATES
Pulse Rate (beats per
Breathing Rate (breaths
minutes)
per minute)
Sitting
Standing (before exercise)
Standing (after exercise)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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MATH PRACTICE
1.
Discuss in class how to find each of the following numbers: a) pulse rate (per minute) b) breathing rate (per minute) c) the perimeter of a square, a rectangle, or other polygon d) the diameter of a circle e) the circumference of a circle f) multiplying two numbers with units e.g.
6 paces x 40 cm/pace = 240 cm 5 hand spans x 18 cm/hand span = 90 cm 3 cars x 4 passengers/car = 12 passengers
g) the average of two or more numbers
2.
Solve the following problems. Where possible, show how you calculated the answer. a) Julie measures 36 heart beats in 30 seconds. What is her pulse rate per minute?
b) Soo-Jin breathes 26 times in two minutes. What is her breathing rate per minute?
c) Terry measures 19 pulse beats in 15 seconds. What is his pulse beat per minute?
d) Determine the perimeter of this page in centimetres.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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MATH PRACTICE
e) Measure the diameter of a loonie in centimetres.
f) Measure your hand span in centimetres. Then use you hand span to estimate the length of a desk.
g) Use your hand span to estimate the diameter of a large circle, such as a bicycle wheel or a hula-hoop.
h) Use your hand span to estimate the circumference of the circle in g).
i) Measure your average pace in centimetres. Use your pace to find the length and width of your classroom.
j) How many desks are there in a room that has 5 rows of desks with 6 desks in a row?
k) Teepu’s mass is 42 kg and Angela’s mass is 54 kg. Find the average of their masses.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
TEACHER DEFINITIONS Acceleration
The rate at which velocity increases. When a roller coaster train moves down a hill, its velocity increases. That is, the train is accelerating.
Centripetal Force
Any object undergoing circular motion has force acting on it which pushes it toward the center of the circular path. This is the centripetal force.
Compressibility
When pressure is applied to an object it tends to cause a decrease in the size of the object. Air has a high compressibility.
Deceleration
The rate at which velocity decreases. When a roller coaster train is moving up a hill, its velocity decreases. That is, the train is decelerating.
Ergonomic Design
Designing machinery to suit the comfort and safety of humans. Roller coaster cars are designed to be comfortable as well as safe.
Gravity
The force of gravity acts between any two objects that have mass. Every mass on earth (large or small) feels the force of gravity pulling it towards the earth. This pull gives you your weight.
Hydraulics
The branch of physics, which uses water power to do work. An auto-mechanic shop uses hydraulic lifts to raise vehicles off the ground.
Incompressibility
When pressure applied to an object does not cause a decrease in the volume of the object. Most solid objects are incompressible.
Mass
The amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in kilograms and is different from weight. An object always has the same mass, whereas its weight may change depending on its location.
Momentum
The momentum of a moving object determines how easy or difficult it is to stop the object. Momentum depends on the velocity of the object as well as its mass. Therefore, the momentum of a heavy truck is much greater than that of a small car moving at the same velocity.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE TEACHER DEFINITIONS (cont’d) Parabola
A curve that can be constructed by slicing a cone. Cutting the cone parallel to its side and through its base will create a parabolic shape. An object thrown forward in the air follows a parabolic path.
Pier
A piece of metal tubing or solid concrete that supports a large structure. A bridge has piers that support it at either end. Roller coasters use piers to support their large structure.
Pneumatics
The branch of physics, which deals with compressed gases such as air. Many roller coasters use pneumatic braking systems.
Shell
The outside covering of an object. The framework of a structure.
Truss
A framework that uses triangular shapes to support a structure. Trusses are used for large spans, as in bridges, and also used to support heavy loads.
Weight
The force of gravity on an object. The weight of an object can vary since the force of gravity can vary depending on its location.
Weightlessness
A person falling freely is said to be weightless. This is because there is no force acting upwards on them from the ground.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
Applying science language to an amusement ride: The force of GRAVITY between the roller coaster train in which you are riding and the earth pulls you down the roller coaster hills. The greater the WEIGHT of the roller coaster train, the more strength the structure must have to support the tracks. The addition of more passengers will increase a roller coaster’s MASS and weight. The supporting structure of a roller coaster is a series of connected parts called the FRAME. The supporting structure of the wave pool in Splash Works is a one piece SHELL. A PIER is the part of a structure whose function is to resist compressive forces. The cylindrical PIERS on a metal roller coaster support the track by resisting compressive forces caused by the weight of the roller coaster and its passengers. On the wooden roller coasters, the TRUSS is a structural element (whose function is to resist tension and compression forces) made up of a series of triangular frames. The downward force, which is applied to the structure’s support piers, is called COMPRESSION. The outward force, which occurs when the roller coaster train is traveling around a curve, puts TENSION on the structure’s support wires. The VELOCITY of the roller coaster train increases as it rolls down a hill. A roller coaster train ACCELERATES as it gains speed while rolling down a hill. A roller coaster train DECELERATES as it loses speed while climbing up a hill. A roller coaster train gains enough MOMENTUM falling down a hill to keep it going all the way to the top of the next hill.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
A roller coaster has the most POTENTIAL ENERGY when it is at the highest peak of the ride. As the velocity increases going down a hill, a roller coaster train gains KINETIC ENERGY. INERTIA causes the passenger to lean forward when the roller coaster train stops at the end of the ride. The rubbing between the roller coaster train’s wheels and the track causes a FRICTIONAL force, This slows the roller coaster train down.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISES
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. GRAVITY MASS WEIGHTLESS
PARABOLA WEIGHT
1.
The gravity pull between an object and the earth (or another large body) is called ___________________.
2.
The amount of material a body contains is its ____________________.
3.
A ____________________ object appears to have no weight.
4.
A curved path produced by a falling body is called a ____________________.
5.
The force of attraction between all bodies in the universe is called ____________________.
ACCELERATION DECELERATION KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY 1.
The energy that an object has because of its position is called ________________.
2.
An increase in speed is called ____________________.
3.
The energy that an object in motion has is called ______________________.
4.
A decrease in speed is called ____________________.
FRICTION INERTIA CENTRIPETAL FORCE
FORCE
1.
The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by force is called __________________.
2.
A push or pull is a ____________________.
3
A force pulling or pushing an object towards the centre of its circular path is called ___________________.
4.
Resistance to motion due to one object rubbing against another is called ____________________.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISES
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. TENSION TRUSS
FRAME SHELL
PIER COMPRESSION
1.
A ____________________ is a series of triangular or rectangular frames.
2.
A structure used to support the compression caused by steel roller coasters is called a __________________.
3.
____________________ is the force that tends to stretch an object.
4.
A supporting skeleton of a structure is called a ____________________.
5.
A ____________________ is a one piece supporting structure.
6.
________________ is the downward force exerted at the structure’s support piers.
PNEUMATIC INCOMPRESSIBLE HYDRAULIC ERGONOMIC DESIGN COMPRESSIBLE 1.
If a substance can be made smaller by means of pressure, then it is ____________________. If, on the other hand, the substance will not reduce in size, then it is ____________________.
2.
Mechanical devices that use fluids such as oil to operate are ____________________ systems; those that use gases, such as air or nitrogen, are ____________________ systems.
3.
When an amusement ride is built to be comfortable, adjustable to different sizes of people, and supportive to prevent injury, we can say that it has a/an _________________.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISES
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. ACCELERATE MASS MOMENTUM POTENTIAL ENERGY TRUSS PARABOLA
INERTIA GRAVITY FRICTION FRAME COMPRESSION
CENTRIPETAL FORCE KINETIC ENERGY WEIGHTLESS PIERS TENSION
1.
As the roller coaster cars roll over a peak, you rise off your seat and feel ___________________.
2.
The shape of a roller coaster hill is called a ____________________.
3.
The force of ____________________ pulls you down the roller coaster.
4.
The force of ___________________ slows you down throughout your roller coaster trip.
5.
When you are the highest on the track above the ground, you have the most ____________________.
6.
When you are moving the fastest, you have the most ____________________.
7.
Because of your speed at the bottom of the roller coaster hill, you have enough ___________________ to climb to the top of the next hill.
8.
An inward ____________________ is required to make you turn.
9.
Your body has ____________________ and, therefore, tries to move in a straight line when the roller coaster track turns.
10.
An empty roller coaster train and a loaded train will travel down a hill at the same speed. Therefore, we can say that a roller coaster train’s speed is not affected by its ____________________.
11.
The parts of a steel roller coaster that are used to resist compression forces are called ____________________.
12.
Wooden roller coasters use this type of triangular structure: _________________.
13.
A series of connected parts that make up a roller coaster is called a _________________.
14.
____________________ occurs on the structure of a roller coaster when the force of the train tends to cause extension of the supporting structure.
15.
Steel roller coasters are equipped with support piers to help resist the ___________________ forces applied by the trains.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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GRADE 7 & 8 AMUSEMENT RIDE ACTIVITIES RIPTIDE THE BAT VORTEX MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER FLIGHT DECK DROP TOWER THE FLY
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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RIPTIDE Riptide is Wonderland’s super swing with attitude and altitude! Riptide will take passengers through snap rollovers and 360 o degree twists and turns as they are propelled through moments of zero gravity and an inescapable wall of water. Riptide is the ultimate experience for thrill seekers who think they have done it all.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. (a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
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RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS 3.
List the materials used to build this ride. Why would ride engineers choose these materials for the outdoor environment?
4.
[G8-3.9] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
5.
[G7-2.6, G8-S2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): (a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
6.
[G7-2.6, G8-S2.6] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading; vertical spin. (Note: Several parts may be listed more than once.)
7.
[G7-2.6, G8-S2.6] Where on this ride is the train’s kinetic energy the highest?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
8.
[G7-2.6, G8-S2.6]Answer the following questions for the vertical spin. a) At what point(s) are you losing speed?
b) At what point(s) are you gaining speed?
c) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
d) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
9.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Draw a picture of a vertical spin and label the points in the spin where you feel pressed down on your seat the most. Why does this occur? Is the passenger compartment heavier when this occurs?
10. [G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS 11.
[G7-3.4] List all of the forces that affect the movement of this ride.
12.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur? Is the passenger compartment with its passengers heavier when this occurs? Explain.
13.
[G8-2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of the passenger compartment. (Show your work.)
14.
[G7-3.5, G8-3.3] Use symmetry to determine where the centre of gravity is located on this ride? Draw a picture that shows the approximate location of the centre of gravity.
15.
[G8-2.5] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
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RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
16.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
17.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE 8 ONLY 1.
[G8-3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[G8-2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why, even though your mass stays constant, you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[G8-2.5,3.5] Locate the levers used in this ride. Hypothesize whether shorter or longer levers would change the efficiency of the mechanism. Explain your answer.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT STATION
On The Bat, riders are pulled backwards and launched through an unyielding corkscrew and a breathtaking loop. After one trip through The Bat’s intense, tight track, riders have little time to catch their breath when The Bat climbs its second launch to take riders through one more time – backwards.
LIFT 1 BOOMERANG LIFT 2 VERTICAL LOOP
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. (a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Describe the feature(s) that prevent injury to people walking on the entrance path under the train from objects that may fall out of riders’ pockets.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS
3.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
4.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
5.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time a train stays at the loading platform
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS 6.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, G8-2.2,3.5] Draw a diagram of the arrangement of the wheels on each car and label them top, side and bottom. Which wheel experiences the most force? Explain. When the car is:
Turning __________, Climbing __________, Upside Down __________
7.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; boomerang; breaking; loading; vertical loop (Note: Several parts may be listed more than once.)
8.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
9.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] a) Where on this ride is the train’s potential energy due to gravity the highest?
b) Where is the train’s kinetic energy the highest?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS
10.
[G7-3.4] Answer the following questions for the vertical loop, which is beyond the boomerang. a) At what point(s) are you losing speed?
b) At what point(s) are you gaining speed?
c) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
d) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
11.
[G7 –3.4] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs? Explain.
12.
[G7-2.3, 2.4, 3.2, 3.3] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS
13.
[G7-2.3, 2.4, 3.2, 3.3, G8-2.4] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
14.
[G7-3.4] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
15.
[G7-2.3, 2.4, 3.2, 3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
16.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
17.
[G8-3.3] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of a car. (Show your work.)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS
18.
Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
19.
[G8-2.2, 3.5] Explain why the train is not able to climb to the top of the second ramp without help from a motor. (Try to use some of the scientific terms described on the Science Language page of this booklet.)
20.
[G8-3.3] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
21.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete the RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
22.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
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THE BAT
QUESTIONS
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY
1.
[G8-3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[G8-2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[G8-3.4] Pneumatic braking systems are used in the roller coaster rides at Canada’s Wonderland. Why is air a better substance to use than oil to operate these systems? (Use words such as, compressibility and incompressibility to explain your answer)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
30
VORTEX On Vortex, riders will enjoy the thrills of Canada’s first suspended roller coaster. This steel coaster plunges over Wonder Mountain, reaching speeds of 90 km/h. Vortex’s invisible track drives riders through unrelenting turns, swooping, diving, and plunging over a scenic waterscape.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
31
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
3.
Describe what the operators do to ensure this ride is safe.
4.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
5.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time a train stays at the loading platform
6.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first hill. Include diagrams.
7.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
32
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
8.
[G7-2.6, G8-2.6] At the bottom of the first drop, which way does the train turn? Which way do the cars swing? Why do you think they swing this way?
9.
[G7-2.6] (a) At what location(s) do you travel the fastest on this ride?
b) After dropping down the first hill, where do you travel slowest?
c) Do you think you travel faster at the top of a low hill or at the top of a high hill? Why?
10.
[G7-2.6] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat? Explain.
11.
[G7-2.6] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs? Explain.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
33
VORTEX
QUESTIONS 12.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, ] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
13.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, G8-2.4] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
14.
[G7-2.6] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
15.
[G7-2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
34
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
16.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
17.
[8-S2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of a car. (Show your work.)
18.
Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
19.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] State the location(s) on the ride where the train has the most: a) potential energy due to gravity
b) kinetic energy
c) centripetal force acting on it
d) deceleration
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
35
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
20.
[8-S3.3] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
21.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete the RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
22.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
[8-M3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[8-S2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[8-M3.4] Pneumatic braking systems are used in the roller coaster rides at Canada’s Wonderland. Why is air a better substance to use than oil to operate these systems? (Use words such as, compressibility and incompressibility to explain your answer)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
36
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER The Mighty Canadian Minebuster is the largest and longest wooden coaster in Canada. Its immense wooden track is full of side-winding turns, stomach lifting camel humps, and breath-taking drops. The Minebuster reaches astounding speeds of more than 90 km/h on its 4000 feet of serpentine designed track.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
3.
Describe what the operators do to ensure this ride is safe.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
37
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS 4.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
5.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time a train stays at the loading platform
6.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first hill. Include diagrams.
7.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
38
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
8.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] (a) At what location(s) do you travel fastest on this ride?
b) After dropping down the first hill, where do you travel the slowest?
c) Do you think you travel faster at the top of a low hill or at the top of a high hill? Why?
9.
[7-S3.4] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat? Explain.
10.
[7-S3.4] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur?
11.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.33] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
39
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS 12.
[7-S2.4,2.4,3.2,3.3, 8-S2.5] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
13.
[7-S3.4] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
14.
[7-S.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
15.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
16.
[8-S2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of a car. (Show your work.)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
40
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
17.
Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
18.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] State the location(s) on the ride where the train has the most: a) potential energy due to gravity
b) kinetic energy
c) centripetal force acting on it
d) deceleration
19.
[8-S3.3] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
41
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
20.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete the RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
21.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
[8-M3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the Park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[8-S2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[8-M3.4] Pneumatic braking systems are used in the roller coaster rides at Canada’s Wonderland. Why is air a better substance to use than oil to operate these systems? (Use words such as, compressibility and incompressibility to explain your answer)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
42
FLIGHT DECK Flight Deck is Canada’s only inverted looping jet coaster. This mega coaster simulates flight with speeds of 90 km/h, exhilarating 90 o vertical climbs, barrel rolls, inverted wing loopovers, a 270o after burn and a complete snap roll over. Riders take flight in a fully open cockpit suspended beneath the coaster’s steel track as the sky races below.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
[8-S3.9] As you are moving from the entrance to the loading platform, you pass through areas that are informative as well as entertaining. Describe the features of the areas listed below. (Include both qualitative and quantitative descriptions.) a) the aircraft carrier
b) the engine room
c) the ranger deck
d) the bridge
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
43
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS 3.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
4.
Describe what the operators do to ensure this ride is safe.
5.
List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
6.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time a train stays at the loading platform
7.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Put these parts in the order in which they occur during one complete ride: side winder; roll over; brakes; highest hill, dewinder; loading; spin. (Note: Several parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
44
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
8.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first hill. Include diagrams.
9.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
10.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] (a) At what location(s) do you travel fastest on this ride?
b) after dropping down the first hill, where do you travel the slowest?
c) Do you think you travel faster at the top of a low hill or at the top of a high hill? Why?
11.
[7-S3.4] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat? Explain.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
45
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS 12.
[7-S2.6] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur?
13.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
14.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, 8-2.4] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
15.
[7-S2.6] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
16.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
17.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
46
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
18.
[8-S2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of a car. (Show your work.)
19.
Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
20.
[8-S3.3] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
21.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete the RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
22.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
47
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
[8-M3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[8-S2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[8-M3.4] Pneumatic braking systems are used in the roller coaster rides at Canada’s Wonderland. Why is air a better substance to use than oil to operate these systems? (Use words such as, compressibility and incompressibility to explain your answer)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
48
DROP TOWER On Drop Tower riders sit on a high-speed transport lift that travels over 16 feet per second, 230 feet in the air. At the top of the tower, guests have but moments to take in the panoramic view of the Park before it registers that what goes up must come down. Free falling at more than 100 km/h, 23 stories flash by as the ground races up and catches riders in a silent, smooth stop.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
3.
[8-S3.9] List the materials used to build this ride. Why would amusement ride engineers choose these materials for the outdoor environment?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
49
DROP TOWER
QUESTIONS 4.
[8-S3.9] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting.
5.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
6.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one complete ride: highest speed; unloading; free fall; braking; loading; lift (Note: Several parts may be listed more than once.)
7.
[7-S3.4, 8-S2.7] Where on this ride is the passenger compartment’s kinetic energy the highest?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
50
DROP TOWER
QUESTIONS
8.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Answer the following questions for this ride. a) At what point(s) are you gaining speed?
b) At what point(s) are you losing speed?
c) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
d) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
9.
[7-S3.4] Draw a picture of the stunt tower and label the points where you feel pressed down on your seat the most. Why does this occur? Is the passenger compartment heavier when this occurs?
10.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
51
DROP TOWER
QUESTIONS 11.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, 8-S2.4] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
12.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
13.
[7-S3.4, 8-S2.6] List all of the forces that affect the movement of this ride.
14.
[8-S2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of the passenger compartment. (Show your work.)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
52
DROP TOWER
QUESTIONS
15.
[7-S3.5, 8-S3.3] Use symmetry to determine where the centre of gravity is located on this ride when the passenger car has fallen halfway down? Draw a picture that shows the approximate location of the centre of gravity.
16.
[8-S2.5] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
17.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
18.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the electrical and mechanical features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
53
DROP TOWER
QUESTIONS
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
[8-M3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[8-S2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[8-M3.4, 8-S2.6] Drop Tower has a dual braking system. You are stopped from the free fall by a copper braking mechanism. The ride comes to a complete stop and descends the remaining few meters onto pneumatic bumpers, which secure the car at the loading and unloading platform. Describe the different sensations that you feel as a result of these two braking systems. (Use words such as friction and compressibility)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
54
THE FLY The Fly takes four thrill seekers at a time over an exhilarating 50-foot drop, through hairpin twists and turns and wild, breathtaking bumps. This coaster’s unique design provides each rider with the feeling that they are riding in the front car while also allowing for some of the wildest side winding turns ever experienced in a coaster.
QUESTIONS
1.
Look for the safety guide. a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2.
Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading platform.
3.
[7-S10, 8-S12] List three things that have been done to this ride to make it look fun, attractive and exciting. (e.g. form, colour, pattern, type, surface)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
55
THE FLY
QUESTIONS 4.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Determine the following in seconds (show your work): a) the average time for one ride
b) the average time a train stays at the loading platform
5.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] List the parts named below in the order in which they occur during one complete ride: lowest valley, braking, highest hill, loading, unloading, zigzag. (Note: Some parts may be listed more than once)
6.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first hill. Include diagrams.
7.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
56
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
8.
[7-S2.6, 8-S2.6] (a) At what location(s) do you travel fastest on this ride?
b) After dropping down the first hill, where do you travel the slowest?
c) Do you think you travel faster at the top of a low hill or at the top of a high hill? Why?
9.
[7-S3.4] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat? Explain.
10.
[7-S3.4] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why does this occur?
11.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] If you are using an accelerometer record the number of g’s you observe when you feel lightest and heaviest? Where do these points occur?
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
57
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
12.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3, 8-2.4] Use the observations made with your accelerometer to determine how gravitational force affects the movement of an object. (e.g. Do greater g’s cause faster or slower speeds?)
13.
[7-S3.4] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
14.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] Use the following diagram to identify where tension and compression forces affect the structure of the ride.
15.
[8-S2.5] State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside width of a car. (Show your work.)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
58
THE FLY
QUESTIONS 16.
[8-S3.3,2.5] What do you think engineers have done in the ergonomic design of the seating compartments to accommodate people of different weight, height and age?
17.
Estimate the length of one cart. Show your calculations.
18.
[7-S2.3,2.4,3.2,3.3] State the location(s) on the ride where the train has the most: a) potential energy due to gravity
b) kinetic energy
c) centripetal force acting on it
d) deceleration
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
59
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
19.
Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete the RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
20.
[ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
[8-M3.6] Use your understanding of viscosity to predict how the temperature of the day in the Park might affect the speed of the ride.
2.
[8-S2.5] Use your understanding of the relationship between mass and weight to explain why even though your mass stays constant you feel less heavy when falling.
3.
[8-M3.4] Pneumatic braking systems are used in the roller coaster rides at Canada’s Wonderland. Why is air a better substance to use than oil to operate these systems? (Use words such as compressibility and incompressibility to explain your answer)
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
60
GRADE 7 & 8 OTHER ACTIVITIES PARK EXPLORATIONS CONSUMER SURVEY RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE EXPLORING AMUSEMENT PARK CAREERS JOB SEARCH BUILDING PROJECT BUILDING PROJECT RUBRIC
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
61
PARK EXPLORATION
1.
Travel to each of the following rides at Canada’s Wonderland and indicate the type of mechanical system that engineers have used in building them. Amusement Ride
Type of Mechanical System
The Bat
Drop Tower
Vortex
Riptide
Mighty Canadian Minebuster
Flight Deck
2.
Refer back to the question where you identified areas on the rides where you felt a greater g-force. Since the car and passengers are heavier at those areas, the structures that hold the track need to be stronger. Observe and describe the thing that engineers have done in those areas to create a stronger structure. (Look for thickness of piers, number of support wires, use of trusses, and number of track ties)
PARK EXPLORATION
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
62
3.
As you make your way through Canada’s Wonderland, observe objects that have been designed using symmetry. In the chart below, list four (4) symmetrical objects and describe the function of symmetrical design. Object Observed
e.g. roller coaster car seats (left & right)
4.
Symmetrical Function - maintain balance - gives equal seating space
While walking past the attractions at Canada’s Wonderland, make a list of all the moving objects that you observe. Across from each moving object, identify the force that causes the movement. (e.g. roller coaster train falling from top of hills – force of gravity)
JOURNAL QUESTION In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structure and design elements that are taken into account when creating an amusement ride.
CONSUMER SURVEY
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
63
Canada’s Wonderland conducts many consumer surveys, which are designed to gain an understanding of consumer expectations about safety and excitement. The consumer survey is intended to gather information on public opinion of many topics that are of interest to businesses and the public. In each of the activities you are asked to conduct a survey which will identify consumer expectations regarding the function and effectiveness of amusement rides. I
YOUR CHALLENGE (Authentic Problem)
You have been hired by Canada’s Wonderland as a junior researcher who is gathering information on the current rides in the Park in order to choose a new ride for next season. Your job before you come to the Park is to design a survey, which will allow you to gather information on student opinions about safety and excitement. You know that the main function of an amusement ride is excitement and that safety is one indicator of the effectiveness of an amusement ride. Your task, when you return to your school, is to write a report to your supervisor at Canada’s Wonderland explaining your findings. II
DESIGNING YOUR SURVEY (Pre-visit)
Survey topic:
A) Amusement Ride ExcitementB) Amusement Ride Safety
1) Choose a survey topic. 2) Generate 5 open ended questions for your survey 2) Prepare 5 sheets of paper, use one sheet for each question to collect an array of data III
CONDUCTING YOUR SURVEY 1) Choose a sample group of 15 people (e.g., boys age 12) 2) Approach your population one person at a time or small groups 3) Ask all 5 questions to each person and create an array of data for each on your preprepared sheets
IV
ANALYZING YOUR RESULTS 1) Summarize your data gathered in tally charts 2) Display your data using appropriate graphs 3) Analyze and interpret your data to determine, based on your findings, the kind of ride you feel should be considered for next season 4) Write a report to your supervisor at Canada’s Wonderland explaining your findings.
V
JOURNAL QUESTION Interview a classmate about their consumer survey. In a journal entry identify bias in your classmate’s questions, data collection methods, sample group or analysis of data. If you are unable to find bias, explain in detail the things that your classmate did to avoid bias.
RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
GRADE 7 & 8
64
Canada’s Wonderland provides for the safety of their guests in many ways. Security personnel walk the grounds, making sure Park rules are followed by all guests and Park staff. Park ride operators are well informed about the rides and are always watching to be sure that the ride is operating properly and safely. Rules are posted at each ride and are to be obeyed for a safe and enjoyable ride. Select two different types of rides and answer the following questions on the table. QUESTIONS
FIRST RIDE
SECOND RIDE
1. What is the name of the ride?
2. What type of ride is it? (Is it a wooden roller coaster, loop-theloop roller coaster, circular ride, etc?) 3. Do you have to be a certain height to ride the ride? If so, how is this height measured? 4. What safety checks does the ride operator make prior to starting the ride?
5. How does the ride operator start and stop the ride? 6. Does the ride have a lap bar or safety belt that holds you firmly in the seat? If so, what form of safety belt is used and how does if work? 7. Are there specific rules or restrictions posted at the ride? If so, what are they? 8. What other safety features or operation checks do you see on the ride? GENERAL QUESTIONS 9. Why is there a height rule for some rides and not others?
10. Which rides are more likely to have safety belts or lap bars?
EXPLORING AMUSEMENT PARK CAREERS
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
65
Just like the real world, a theme or amusement park offers many career opportunities. In fact, an amusement park is a microcosm, a community regarded as a miniature world. Your job here is to identify at least one Park career/job for each occupational cluster listed below. After you identify the career/job, you will need to complete the chart by listing a few basic skill requirements and the education necessary to be successful in that particular job. Good luck on your job search! Occupational Cluster & Identified Job
Job Description
Necessary Education
1. Agri-business/ Natural Resources 2. Manufacturing 3. Business/ Office 4. Health 5. Public Service 6. Environment 7. Communications/ Media 8. Hospitality/ Recreation 9. Marketing/ Distribution 10. Personal Services 11. Marine Science 12. Construction 13. Transportation 14. Consumer/ Homemaking 15. Fine Arts/ Humanities
JOB SEARCH
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
66
To build an amusement park like Canada’s Wonderland, to keep it going and to keep it growing, involves many people with different educational backgrounds doing lots of different things. Take a break or use some of the time you might be waiting in line to do a little thinking about what jobs must be filled to successfully operate Canada’s Wonderland. Divide your jobs into two categories: jobs easily observed and those that must take place behind the scenes. You may discover a job you might like to have in the future! a) Jobs easily observed: 1 ______________________ 2 ______________________ 3 ______________________ 4 ______________________ 5 ______________________ 6 ______________________ 7 ______________________ 8 ______________________ 9 ______________________ 10 _____________________ 11 _____________________ 12 _____________________
b) Jobs behind the scenes: 1 ______________________ 2 ______________________ 3 ______________________ 4 ______________________ 5 ______________________ 6 ______________________ 7 ______________________ 8 ______________________ 9 ______________________ 10 _____________________ 11 _____________________ 12 _____________________ c) Select one of the jobs that you identified that might be of interest to you in the future. 1. What job did you select? _________________________________________________ 2. Write a job description for your job _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What education is necessary for your job? ___________________________________ 4. What do you expect is the annual salary of your job? $ _________________________ BUILDING PROJECT
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
67
CANADA’S WONDERLAND GRADE 7 / 8 BUILDING PROJECT TOPIC
Roller Coaster
Your task will be to build a roller coaster before your trip to Canada’s Wonderland. Roller coasters will be judged within your school and the top four coasters from your grade within your school may be submitted in the Canada’s Wonderland Wonder Coaster Contest. Winning entries at this contest will be displayed in the amusement park and winning builders will receive a prize. See the contest rules in the DOWNLOADS section at www.canadaswonderland.com
BUILDING PROJECT REPORT A report will accompany this building project and will be submitted to your teacher. The design / build process has many components which act like a formula for constructing an effective project. In your project report, you will include the following components: a) Design diagrams and notes b) Building process journal c) Materials used and suggested ways of conserving them in the future d) Modifications made and problem solving process involved in improving the performance and aesthetic appeal of the project e) Safety factors taken into consideration when building f) Charts and tables displaying results of devices that you have tested based on judging criteria g) An oral or written presentation to communicate the results of your investigation using media works, written notes, diagrams and descriptions
BUILDING PROJECT REPORT RUBRIC
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
GRADE 7
68
CATEGORY Understanding of Concepts Demonstrates an understanding of the relationship between the effectiveness of structural forms & the forces that act on & within them
Inquiry and Design Skills Designs and makes a roller coaster, and investigates the relationship between the design and function of this structure and the forces that act on it
LEVEL 1
Relating Science and Technology to Each Other and the World Outside the School
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
- gives partial explanations of ways in which different forces can affect the stability of a structure
- gives complete or nearly complete explanations of ways in which different forces can affect the stability of a structure
- gives complete explanations of ways in which different forces can affect the stability of a structure
- with assistance compiles data gathered throughout the design/build process & reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart, table, or labelled graph
information and ideas with limited clarity and precision
- with limited assistance compiles data gathered throughout the design/ build process & reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart, table, or labelled graph - communicates information and ideas with moderate clarity and precision
- independently compiles data gathered throughout the design / build process and reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer such as a chart, table, or labelled graph - communicates information and ideas with clarity and precision
- independently & consistently compiles data gathered throughout the design/ build process & reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart, table, or labelled graph - communicates information and ideas with a high degree of clarity and precision
- shows limited understanding of the function of symmetrical design in the structural and mechanical systems of a roller coaster
- shows some understanding of the function of symmetrical design in the structural and mechanical systems of a roller coaster
- shows understanding of the function of symmetrical design in the structural and mechanical systems of a roller coaster
- shows thorough understanding of the function of symmetrical design in the structural and mechanical systems of a roller coaster
Communication - communicates Uses appropriate vocabulary, including correct science and technology terminology to reflect on the structural and design features of the rides
LEVEL 2
- gives explanations that show limited understanding of ways in which different forces can affect the stability of a structure
Demonstrates an understanding of the factors that must be considered in the designing and making of products
BUILDING PROJECT REPORT RUBRIC
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
GRADE 8
69
CATEGORY Understanding of Concepts Demonstrates an understanding of the factors that contribute to the efficient operation of mechanics and systems
Inquiry and Design Skills Designs and makes a roller coaster system of structures and mechanisms, and investigates the efficiency of the mechanical devices that it is comprised of
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
- investigates and measures forces (e.g. friction) that affect the movement of a marble on the roller coaster track and gives explanations that show limited understanding - with assistance compiles data gathered throughout the design / build process and reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart, table, or labelled graph
- investigates and measures forces (e.g. friction) that affect the movement of a marble on the roller coaster track and gives partial explanations
- investigates and measures forces (e.g. friction) that affect the movement of a marble on the roller coaster track and gives complete or nearly complete explanations - independently compiles data gathered throughout the design / build process and reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart ,table, or labelled graph
- investigates and measures forces (e.g. friction) that affect the movement of a marble on the roller coaster track and gives complete explanations
information and ideas with limited clarity and precision
- with limited assistance compiles data gathered throughout the design/ build process and reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart ,table, or labelled graph - communicates information and ideas with moderate clarity and precision
- shows limited understanding of how the components and subsystems of their roller coaster enable it to function efficiently
- shows some understanding of how the components and subsystems of their roller coaster enable it to function efficiently
Communication - communicates Uses appropriate vocabulary, including correct science and technology terminology to reflect on the structural and design features of the rides
Relating Science and Technology to Each Other and the World Outside the School
- communicates information and ideas with clarity and precision
- shows understanding of how the components and subsystems of their roller coaster enable it to function efficiently
- independently and consistently compiles data gathered throughout the design/ build process and reports the results of design modifications on the outcome of the building project using a graphic organizer, i.e. a chart ,table, or labelled graph - communicates information and ideas with a high degree of clarity and precision
- shows thorough understanding of how the components and subsystems of their roller coaster enable it to function efficiently
Demonstrates an understanding of the factors that can affect the manufacturing of a product
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
70
GRADE 7 & 8 ANSWER KEY
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
71
ANSWER KEY
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. GRAVITY WEIGHT
MASS
PARABOLA WEIGHTLESS
1.
The gravity pull between an object and the earth (or another large body) is called WEIGHT.
2.
The amount of material a body contains is its MASS.
3.
A WEIGHTLESS object appears to have no weight.
4.
A curved path produced by a falling body is called a PARABOLA.
5.
The force of attraction between all bodies in the universe is called GRAVITY.
ACCELERATION KINETIC ENERGY
DECELERATION POTENTIAL ENERGY
1.
The energy that an object has because of its position is called POTENTIAL ENERGY.
2.
An increase in speed is called ACCELERATION.
3.
The energy that an object in motion has is called KINETIC ENERGY.
4.
A decrease in speed is called DECELERATION. FRICTION
INERTIA
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
FORCE
1.
The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by force is called INERTIA.
2.
A push or pull is a FORCE.
3.
A force pulling or pushing an object towards the centre of its circular path is called CENTRIPETAL FORCE.
4.
Resistance to motion due to one object rubbing against another is called FRICTION.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
72
ANSWER KEY
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. TENSION TRUSS
FRAME SHELL
PIER COMPRESSION
1.
A TRUSS is a series of triangular or rectangular frames.
2.
A structure used to support the compression caused by steel roller coasters is called a PIER.
3.
TENSION is the force that tends to stretch an object.
4.
A supporting skeleton of a structure is called a FRAME.
5.
A SHELL is a one piece supporting structure.
6.
COMPRESSION is the downward force exerted at the structure’s support piers.
PNEUMATIC INCOMPRESSIBLE HYDRAULIC COMPRESSIBLE ERGONOMIC DESIGN
1.
If a substance can be made smaller by means of pressure, then it is COMPRESSIBLE. If, on the other hand, the substance will not reduce in size, then it is INCOMPRESSIBLE.
2.
Mechanical devices that use fluids such as oil to operate are HYDRAULIC systems; those that use gases, such as air or nitrogen, are PNEUMATIC systems.
3.
When an amusement ride is built to be comfortable, adjustable to different sizes of people, and supportive to prevent injury, we can say that it has a/an ERGONOMIC DESIGN.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
73
ANSWER KEY
Select the correct word and complete each sentence. ACCELERATE MASS MOMENTUM FRAME TENSION COMPRESSION
INERTIA CENTRIPETAL FORCE GRAVITY KINETIC ENERGY FRICTION WEIGHTLESS PIERS TRUSS PARABOLA POTENTIAL ENERGY
1.
As the roller coaster cars roll over a peak, you rise off your seat and feel WEIGHTLESS.
2.
The shape of a roller coaster hill is called a PARABOLA.
3.
The force of GRAVITY pulls you down the roller coaster.
4.
The force of FRICTION slows you down throughout your roller coaster trip.
5.
When you are the highest on the track above the ground, you have the most POTENTIAL ENERGY.
6.
When you are moving the fastest, you have the most KINETIC ENERGY.
7.
Because of your speed at the bottom of the roller coaster hill, you have enough MOMENTUM to climb to the top of the next hill.
8.
An inward CENTRIPETAL FORCE is required to make you turn.
9.
Your body has INERTIA and, therefore, tries to move in a straight line when the roller coaster track turns.
10.
An empty roller coaster train and a loaded train will travel down a hill at the same speed. Therefore, we can say that a roller coaster train’s speed is not affected by its MASS.
11.
The parts of a steel roller coaster that are used to resist compression forces are called PIERS.
12.
Wooden roller coasters use this type of triangular structure: TRUSS.
13.
A series of connected parts that make up a roller coaster is called a FRAME.
14.
TENSION occurs on the structure of a roller coaster when the force of the train tends to cause extension of the supporting structure.
15.
Steel roller coasters are equipped with support piers to help resist the COMPRESSION forces applied by the trains.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
74
ANSWER KEY
RIPTIDE 1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required, Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 37 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest during your ride. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride. The materials used are: metal, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat, cold and wet. Answers may vary. e.g., (colour) Riptide has been painted black and yellow like a danger sign to make it seem exciting. a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 240 seconds, The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, vertical spin, lift, highest speed, vertical spin, breaking, unloading, Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom of any rotation. a) Speed is lost in the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop. b) Speed is gained on the descent towards the bottom of any loop. c) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of any loop, d) The rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop. The picture should demonstrate concepts articulated in the previous question, When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. These points occur towards the top and bottom of the loops. The forces acting on this ride are: gravity, centripetal force and electrical force. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier. Answers may vary. The student’s picture should show the centre of gravity in the lower centre of the passenger compartment when the ride is in the up position. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. See consumer survey teacher master
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
75
ANSWER KEY RIPTIDE (cont’d) 17.
Journal entry should include: information on how a dual electrical motor system creates excitement by moving both the entire ride and the passenger compartment separately. Students may also comment on how the ride’s lever arm and counter balance (a component of the rides mechanical system) provide a variety of sensations by both slowing down and whipping the passenger compartment in a controlled rotational loop.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1. 2.
3.
The temperature of the day in the Park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. There are two levers on this ride located at each end; longer levers increase the efficiency because more torque is created using less force.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
76
ANSWER KEY
THE BAT 1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
11.
12.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. There is a canopy under the track to prevent people who are waiting in line from being hit by debris such as coins, sunglasses etc. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride. Answers may vary. e.g., (form) The Bat is shaped like a boomerang, spectators can see the ride moving forwards and backwards. a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 40 seconds. When the car is turning the side wheel experiences the greatest force, when the car is climbing the top wheel experiences the greatest force, when the car is upside down the bottom wheel experiences the greatest force. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, boomerang, vertical loop, lift, highest speed, vertical loop, boomerang, braking, unloading. The train gets to the top of the first ramp using a pulley mechanism; the train is pulled to the top of the first ramp. a) Gravitational potential energy is highest at the top of the first and second ramp. b) Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom of the first and second ramp. a) Speed is lost in the ascent towards the top of the second ramp before being hooked onto the pulley. b) Speed is gained on the descent towards the bottom of both ramps. c) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of both ramps and at the top of the vertical loop. This is due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness. d) The rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop. The rider feels pressed into their seat towards the bottom and top of a vertical loop. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at these points. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier. When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. These points occur towards the top and bottom of the loops.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
77
ANSWER KEY THE BAT (cont’d) 13.
14.
15. 16.
17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22.
Less g force results in greater speed e.g. in free fall (0 g’s) the coaster car accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move e.g. at the bottom of the coaster’s free fall, as it begins to move back up toward a higher point the car begins to slow as its gravitational force increases. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during braking. This is due to inertia; the passenger tends to want to keep moving after the train has stopped. There are compression forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts its free fall. Answers may vary. Answers may vary. The train is not able to climb to the top of the second ramp without the help from a motor because the train looses its initial potential energy due to friction on the track. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1. The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. 2. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. 3. Air is a better substance to use for the roller coaster braking system since air is more compressible than oil, which is nearly incompressible. Air allows engineers to employ an antilock breaking system which modulates the intensity of the breaking action over short intervals of time. The roller coaster car slows down more gradually rather than in a jerking motion.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
78
ANSWER KEY
VORTEX 1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9.
10. 11.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 22 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride. To ensure safety the operators give safety instructions over the P.A. system, check that safety restraints are properly fastened and monitor the traffic flow on and off the ride. Answers may vary. e.g., (type) Vortex has passenger compartments which are suspended from an overhead track. This feature allows the riders to swing back and forth in the cars. a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 40 seconds. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction. At the bottom of the first drop the train turns towards the right while the cars seem to swing towards the left. The cars swing this way because they have inertia; they want to keep going in a straight line. a) The fastest part of the ride is at the bottom of the first hill. b) The slowest part of the ride is when traveling towards the top of the next hill. c) You travel faster at the top of a low hill because you have more kinetic energy at that point than you would with a higher hill. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. This is due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness. The rider feels pressed into their seat at the bottom of the first hill as the train starts to ascend again. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) is greatest at this point. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
79
ANSWER KEY VORTEX (cont’d) 12.
13.
14.
15. 16.
17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22.
When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. This occurs at the bottom of the first hill. Less g force results in greater speed e.g. in free fall (0 g’s) the coaster car accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move e.g. at the bottom of the coaster’s free fall, as it begins to move back up toward a higher point the car begins to slow as its gravitational force increases. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during braking. This is due to inertia; the passenger tends to want to keep moving after the train has stopped. There are compression forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts its free fall. Answers may vary. Answers may vary. a) Gravitational potential energy is highest at the top of the ramp. b) Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom of the first ramp. c) Centripetal force is greatest when rounding a curve. d) Deceleration is greatest at the end of the ride before the cars reach the loading platform. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
80
ANSWER KEY VORTEX (cont’d)
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1. The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. 2. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. 3. Air is a better substance to use for the roller coaster braking system since air is more compressible than oil, which is nearly incompressible. Air allows engineers to employ an anti lock breaking system which modulates the intensity of the breaking action over short intervals of time. The roller coaster car slows down more gradually rather than in a jerking motion.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
81
ANSWER KEY
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER 1.
2.
3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
11.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. For those boarding, be advised that standing on this ride will result in your removal from the park. While riding, please remain seated, keep your hands, arms, and legs inside the train, and hold on to the grab bar at all times. Thank you and enjoy your ride. To ensure safety the operators give safety instructions over the P.A. system, check that safety restraints are properly fastened and monitor the traffic flow on and off the ride. Answers may vary. e.g., (form) Mighty Canadian Minebuster is a huge wooden roller coaster that allows the riders to feel the track. a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 45 seconds. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction. a) The fastest part of the ride is at the bottom of the first hill. b) The slowest part of the ride is when travailing up towards the top of the first loop. c) You travel faster at the top of a low hill because you have more kinetic energy at that point than you would with a higher hill. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. This is due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness. The rider feels pressed into their seat at the bottom of the first hill as the train starts to ascend again. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) is greatest at this point. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier. When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. This occurs at the bottom of the first hill.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
82
ANSWER KEY MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER (cont’d) 12.
13.
14. 15.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 21.
Less g force results in greater speed e.g. in free fall (0 g’s) the coaster car accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move e.g. at the bottom of the coaster’s free fall, as it begins to move back up toward a higher point the car begins to slow as its gravitational force increases. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during braking. This is due to inertia; the passenger tends to want to keep moving after the train has stopped. There are compression forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts its free fall. Answers may vary. Answers may vary. a) Gravitational potential energy is highest at the top of the ramp. b) Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom of the first ramp. c) Centripetal force is greatest when rounding a curve. d) Deceleration is greatest at the end of the ride before the cars reach the loading platform. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
83
ANSWER KEY MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER (cont’d)
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY
1.
2.
3.
The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. Air is a better substance to use for the roller coaster braking system since air is more compressible than oil, which is nearly incompressible. Air allows engineers to employ an anti lock breaking system which modulates the intensity of the breaking action over short intervals of time. The roller coaster car slows down more gradually rather than in a jerking motion.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
84
ANSWER KEY
FLIGHT DECK 1.
2. 3.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11. 12.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 137 cm tall may not ride. Guests must not be over 198 cm to ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. Answers may vary. Quantitative answers should include numbers. Qualitative answers should include descriptions. For those boarding, please secure all loose articles. Once seated remember to keep your head back against the head rest and hold on to the hand grips at all times. Enjoy your ride. To ensure safety the operators give safety instructions over the P.A. system, check that safety restraints are properly fastened and monitor the traffic flow on and off the ride. Answers may vary. e.g., (form, colour) Flight Deck is styled and coloured to replicate the F-14 Tomcat fighter jet. a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 34 seconds. The order is as follows: loading, highest hill, rollover, sidewinder, dewinder, brakes. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction. a) The fastest part of the ride is at the bottom of the first hill. b) The slowest part of the ride is when traveling up towards the top of the first loop. c) You travel faster at the top of a low hill because you have more kinetic energy at that point than you would with a higher hill. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. This is due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness. The rider feels pressed into their seat at the bottom of the first hill as the train starts to ascend again. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) is greatest at this point. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
85
ANSWER KEY FLIGHT DECK (cont’d) 13.
14.
15.
16. 17.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. This occurs at the bottom of the first hill. Less g force results in greater speed e.g. in free fall (0 g’s) the coaster car accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move ego at the bottom of the coaster’s free fall, as it begins to move back up toward a higher point the car begins to slow as its gravitational force increases. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during braking. This is due to inertia; the passenger tends to want to keep moving after the train has stopped. There are compression forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts its free fall. Answers may vary. Answers may vary. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
2.
3.
The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. Air is a better substance to use for the roller coaster braking system since air is more compressible than oil, which is nearly incompressible. Air allows engineers to employ an anti lock breaking system which modulates the intensity of the breaking action over short intervals of time. The roller coaster car slows down more gradually rather than in a jerking motion.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
86
ANSWER KEY
DROP TOWER 1.
2.
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11.
12. 13. 14. 15.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 137 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride. The materials used are: metal, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat, cold and wet. Answers may vary. e.g., (type) Drop Tower is the only ride in the park where the passenger experiences total free fall a) Answers may vary. b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 112 seconds. The order is as follows: loading, lift, free fall, highest speed, braking, unloading. The passenger compartment’s kinetic energy is the highest at the end of free fall just before braking. a) speed is gained during the free fall. b) speed is lost during braking. c) the passenger feels lightest during free fall. d) the passenger feels heaviest during braking. The picture should demonstrate concepts articulated in question 8. When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. These points occur towards the bottom of the stunt tower. Less g force results in greater speed ego In free fall (0 g’s) the passenger compartment accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move ego at the bottom of the passenger compartment’s free fall. There are compression forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. The forces that affect the movement of this ride are electrical force, gravitational force and frictional force. Answers may vary. The centre of gravity is located in centre of the height of the tower.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
87
ANSWER KEY DROP TOWER (cont’d) 16. 17. 18.
Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how the electric motor brings the passenger compartment to the top of the tower and how the pneumatic system helps to lower the passenger compartment to the loading platform.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
2.
3.
The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity, of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster: a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. The copper braking mechanism uses friction to bring the car to a complete but abrupt stop. The pneumatic bumpers provide a much more cushioned resting place. The pneumatic bumpers provide a cushioned stop because of the compressibility of air.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
88
ANSWER KEY
THE FLY 1.
2.
3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
11.
a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness, back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking, eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all. b) Guests under 112 cm tall may not ride. Guests between 112 cm and 137 cm tall must be accompanied by a chaperone. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the ride. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride. Answers may vary. e.g., (pattern, type) The Fly has a zigzag pattern that gives the rider the impression that they are going to continue straight off the track. The train and track, however, work together to whip the rider around. creating a safe but thrilling experience. a) & b) Answers may vary. The order is as follows: loading, highest hill, lowest valley, zigzag, braking, unloading. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction. a) The fastest part of the ride is at the bottom of the first hill. b) The slowest part of the ride is when travelling up towards the top of the next hill. c) You travel faster at the top of a low hill because you have more kinetic energy at that point than you would with a higher hill. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. The rider feels pressed into their seat towards the bottom and top of the initial drop. This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at these points. The passenger compartment and the riders are heavier. When the rider feels lightest they are experiencing 0 g’s and when the rider feels heaviest they are experiencing between 2-3 g’s. These points occur towards the top and bottom of hills.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
89
ANSWER KEY THE FLY (cont’d) 12.
13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
19. 20.
Less g force results in greater speed ego In free fall (0 g’s) the coaster car accelerates to its top speed. The greater the g forces acting against an object, the slower the object will move ego at the bottom of the coaster’s free fall, as it begins to move back up toward a higher point the car begins to slow as its gravitational force increases. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during braking. This is due to inertia; the passenger tends to want to keep moving after the train has stopped. There are compression ‘forces at the piers and tension forces on the wires. Answers may vary. Engineers have designed restraints that are adjustable to people of different shapes and sizes. Seats are divided to give each passenger equal space. Answers may vary. a) Gravitational potential energy is highest at the top of the ramp. b) Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom of the first ramp. c) Centripetal force is greatest when rounding a curve. d) Deceleration is greatest at the end of the ride before the cars reach the loading platform. See consumer survey teacher master Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an exciting but safe ride.
FOR GRADE EIGHT ONLY 1.
2.
3.
The temperature of the day in the park will affect the viscosity of bearing grease on the wheels of the coaster; a higher temperature causes a lower viscosity resulting in a slightly faster ride. Students should show understanding that mass does not change but that weight does change due to gravity. The weight of an object is determined by the object’s mass and the effect of gravity acting on that object. When the passenger compartment falls at the same rate as the passenger you experience weightlessness, (0 gravitational force), because there is nothing pushing back on you. Air is a better substance to use for the roller coaster braking system since air is more compressible than oil, which is nearly incompressible. Air allows engineers to employ an anti lock breaking system which modulates the intensity of the breaking action over short intervals of time. The roller coaster car slows down more gradually rather than in a jerking motion.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
90
ANSWER KEY
1.
Travel to each of the following rides at Canada’s Wonderland and indicate the type of mechanical system that engineers have used in building them. Amusement Ride
Type of Mechanical System
The Bat
Truss, Pier, Frame
Drop Tower
Pier
Vortex
Truss, Pier, Frame
Riptide
Pier, Frame
Mighty Canadian Minebuster
Truss, Pier, Frame
Flight Deck
Truss, Pier, Frame
2.
Refer back to the question where you identified areas on the rides where you felt a greater g-force. Since the car and passengers are heavier at those areas, the structures that hold the track need to be stronger. Observe and describe the thing that engineers have done in those areas to create a stronger structure. (Look for thickness of piers, number of support wires, use of trusses, and number of track ties) At the point where the passengers feel greater g-force, engineers have made the piers thicker and closer together, increased the number of support wires and increased the number of track tires.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
91
ANSWER KEY
3.
As you make your way through Canada’s Wonderland, observe objects that have been designed using symmetry. In the chart below, list four (4) symmetrical objects and describe the function of symmetrical design. Object Observed
Symmetrical Function
e.g. roller coaster car seats (left & right)
- maintain balance - gives equal seating space
Roller coaster tracks
- keeps car from derailing
Trusses
- gives equal support to the structure
Railing supports in waiting area Wooden roller coaster frame Coaster car wheels Central fountain ledges 4.
- provides equal support throughout the railing - provides equal support for each side of the track - allows the train to travel in a straight line along the track - makes the fountain a rectangle which gives it a finished look
While walking past the attractions at Canada’s Wonderland, make a list of all the moving objects that you observe. Across from each moving object, identify the force that causes the movement. (e.g. roller coaster train falling from top of hills – force of gravity) 1. 2. 3.
Lift chain - electric motor Coaster brakes clamping - pneumatic force Jet Scream turning in a loop - electric motor and centripetal force
JOURNAL QUESTION In a journal entry, reflect on all of the structure and design elements that are taken into account when creating an amusement ride. Roller coaster engineers must take many structure and design factors into consideration when creating a ride. These structure and design elements include: the use of cylindrical piers, triangular trusses, weather proof materials and use of symmetry. As an example, on a wooden roller coaster, triangular trusses and symmetry are used as well as pressure treated wood. Engineers use these materials and design elements to create a ride that will withstand the elements and stay structurally sound for many years.
CANADA'S WONDERLAND – Science Grades 7 & 8
92
