CHAPARRAL Location | Weather | Plants | Animals | People | Links LOCATION: T he chaparral biome is found in small sections of most continents, including the west coast of the United States, the west coast of South America, the Cape Town area of South Africa, the western tip of Australia and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean. In Europe it is called the maquis, Australia has the mallee, Chile the matorral, and South Africa calls it fynbos. It is also called the Mediterranean Forest, Woodland, and Scrub biome. The chaparral biome has many different types of terrain. Some examples are flat plains, rocky hills and mountain slopes. WEATHER: The chaparral is characterized as being very hot and dry. The winter is very mild and is usually about 50°F (10°C). Most of the rain in this biome comes in the winter. The summer is hot and dry at up to 100°F (37.5°C). This makes fires and droughts very common. PLANTS: Most chaparral plants have large, hard leaves, which hold moisture. The plants are also very well adapted to fires. Plants in the chaparral often have root systems designed to get as much water as possible. Shallow roots extend horizontally under the surface of the soils and are good at catching water when it falls as rain; taproots extend deep into the soil to capture groundwater. Some examples of
plants in the chaparral are toyon, chamise, poison oak, scrub oak, Yucca and other shrubs, trees and cacti. The maquis contains plants such as myrtle, hawthorn, and broom. The Australian mallee is more open than these other types of chaparral and consists mainly of dwarf eucalyptus trees. The fynbos is also composed mainly of scrub and shrubs, such as heathers and protea plants. ANIMALS : The animals are all mainly grassland and desert types adapted to hot, dry weather. A few examples from California are: coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, horned toads, praying mantis, honey bees and ladybugs. In Europe one might find wild goats, sheep, cattle, mouflon, horses, lynx, wild boar, rabbits, vultures and eagles. There are also many small mammals, reptiles and insects, just like in California. The fynbos of South Africa also has many butterfly species that rely on this habitat. PEOPLE AND THE CHAPARRAL: In California, a main concern associated with the chaparral is the large human populations that live in and around this biome. In Santa Barbara we live in the chaparral habitat. The hills surrounding the city are chaparral. The islands off the coast are chaparral. With people living in this dry biome, we have to be concerned about fire. Fire occurs naturally, but can also be caused by human activity. There are many endangered and sensitive species living in this region. Surrounding Santa Barbara, we have two National Parks to help protect the important chaparral habitat. The Los Padres National Forest stretches from the hills northward to Monterey County, and the Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern Channel Islands off the coast. Both of these parks contain many natural and cultural resources, including unique species and Native American artifacts. http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/chaparral.html
Temperate woodlands are mainly made up of deciduous tress that grow their leaves in the spring and drop them in autumn, as well as shrubs, grasses and many types of ferns and flowers. Temperate woodlands are found in the areas of the world that have seasons of warm summers, short cold winters and rainfall levels that are generally steady throughout the year, such as Britain.
Temperate woodlands, Photo (c) Chris Devers
Nearly all the world’s temperate woodlands are in the Northern Hemisphere, the area of the planet north of the equator. The largest areas of temperate woodland can be found in Europe, South-‐East China and Eastern America.
Red Fox
Badger
Pine Marten
Lynx
Fallow Deer Temperate woodlands are one of the most fertile habitats on earth and for thousands of years such areas have been cleared to provide farmland, with felled trees being used in the construction of buildings, ships and for furniture and fuel. Some of the remaining temperate woodlands have been badly affected by pollution, particularly acid rain. Poisonous fumes from factories, and the overuse of pesticides and fertilisers, can all damage the environment and cause the death of woodland plant and animal species.
