Period: ______. Biology Notes: Immune System. Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 94...
Biology Notes: Immune System Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 940‐948 & 955‐956 History of Medicine Pathogens •
Defined: _______________________that cause ____________________ – Viruses: turn ____________ into virus making __________________ – Bacteria: _____________________that can release _________________ chemicals – Fungi: _____________ cells and ________________ the _____________________ – Protozoans: ________________ cells.___________________ (eukaryotes) – Parasites: grow and________________on a ________________
Transmission •
Indirect contact does __________________________ touching an ________________ individual. –
________________ an infected______________
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________________ in infected ______________
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Drinking __________________________ water
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Direct contact _________________ touching an infected __________________________. –
__________________
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Hand ____________________
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_____________ intercourse
Transmission through Vectors •
Defined: ____________________ that carries a _____________________ Examples: 1) Malaria – ____________________ carry the protozoan 2) Black Death – carried by _______________ of mice 3) West Nile Virus – carried by ____________, but spread by _______________________
The Skin •
1st line of defense: ________________ __________________
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__________ & ___________destroy some ____________________ – Some pathogens ___________…some ___________________
Mucus Membranes •
__________ the _________________ of the body –
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Nose, mouth, ears, eyes, genitals, anus
Lined with ___________ & s_____________ fluids to ____________ pathogens
White Blood Cells •
Job: _______________ & __________________
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Type 1: __________________ – ______________ & engulf _______________ by ________________________
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Type 2: __________________________ – T cells _________________ infected cells – B cells produce__________________, which ________________________ the pathogen.
Defense Proteins •
Antibodies – __________________ & ___________________by lymphocytes – Attach to _____________________(like handcuffs) – How do they kill?
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Causes pathogens to ________________
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__________________the cell ___________________ of the ____________________
Interferon 1) Cell becomes ____________________ by __________________ 2) Infected cell sends _______________________ to healthy ____________________ 3) ________________ causes _______________cell to create ____________________ enzymes 4) Healthy cell able to fight virus
Immunity •
In all types of immunity, pathogens are _____________________before you get _____________. – Passive immunity occurs ___________________ an immune response. •
Mother’s ______________ & ______________________
– Active immunity occurs _______________ a specific immune ____________________. •
Having _____________ ___________
– Acquired Immunity occurs _____________ given a ______________________. •
________ shot
Vaccines •
__________________ infections (_______ a cure)
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Vaccination_________________ – __________________/___________pathogen or antigens are injected – Immune system _________________…
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___________________ to ______________ the weakened pathogen
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_______________ cells for _______________ infections
Goal: _____________ _______ immune response if you ________________________ the actual virus
REVIEW 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Which part of our immune system coats the openings of the body? How do lymphocytes differ from phagocytes? What are antibodies and how do they help keep us from harm? What is the skin’s role in immunity? How can pathogens be transferred? Who hypothesized that disease is caused by small organisms?
7)
8) 9)
Which pathogen… a. Absorbs nutrients from living tissue? b. Are prokaryotic? What is the vector of malaria? What are the differences between passive, active, and acquired immunity? How do vaccines work?
