Chemistry of Life Review Worksheet | Part I ... What is it about Carbon's atomic structure that makes it âthe building block of lifeâ? it has 4 ...
Chemistry of Life Review Worksheet | Part I Carbon Based Molecules 1. In terms of science, what does the term “organic” mean? Contains carbon, or carbon based. 2. What is it about Carbon’s atomic structure that makes it “the building block of life”? it has 4 outer electrons (needs 8 to be full)‐ so it can form up to FOUR BONDS. 3. Draw a carbon atom that shows your answer in #2 P=6 N=6
4. Name the four different types of organic molecules: Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
5. Define the following and label the following picture: a. Monomer: smaller carbon based sub‐unit b. Polymer: a chain of linked monomers One Many
monomer
polymer
Carbohydrates 6. List the 3 elements that make up carbohydrates: a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen 7. What is the ratio of these elements to one another? __1____ : ___2___ : ___1___ 8. Fill in the table for the three major polysaccharides and one monosaccharide used in biology: Type of Carbohydrate Monomer or Polymer?
Where found?
Characteristics/Function
Plants
Source of energy/food
Sugar Starch
Excess plant sugar that gets converted and Plants/animals
stored Specific starch found in the liver and muscles
Glycogen
of animals‐ it is a readily available source of Animals
Cellulose
energy A plant starch found in the cell walls, which
Plants
help make the plant rigid
Lipids 9. Name the 3 main types of lipids: Oils, fats, waxes, cholesterol (you could have any three) 10.What are the main functions of lipids? a. Usable energy for cells b. They make up the cell membrane c. Used for insulation 11. Which lipid gives cells their flexibility? Cholesterol
12.Label as either SATURATED or UNSATURATED:
Unsaturated
Saturated
a. ____________________________ b. _______________________________
Have fatty acids in which all carboncarbon bonds are single bonds.
Have fatty acids with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Saturated
Unsaturated
c. ____________________________ d. _______________________________ 13.Fill in the table below: Saturated Fats
Characteristics
Unsaturated Fats
Solid
State (soild/liquid/gas) at room temperature Commonly found in which type of organisms Types of bonds connecting carbon atoms
liquid
animals
plants
single
double
14.Why are saturated fats less healthy? Saturated fats are easier to compact, are solid at room temp., and much energy is needed to break them down. 15.What is the structure below? Label all parts of this structure including the polar & nonpolar regions.
Phospholipid
a. ________________________________
Polar, phosphate & glycerol head
Non polar, fatty acid tails
Nucleic Acids 16.Fill in the table for nucleic acids: Monomer Nucleotide
Polymers
Functions
DNA
Stores information/instructions on how to make proteins.
RNA
Copies DNA’s instructions and takes them to the ribosome.
17. .Fill in the blank: protein The arrangement of the nucleotides determines the kind of ________________created.
16.Circle an entire nucleotide on the DNA segment.
P P 17.How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA S
segment pictured? ____8_______________ 18.Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.
P
P
G
S
S
a. Phosphate (P)
P
P
b. Sugar (s)
T
S
c. Nitrogen containing (nitrogenous) base
P
19.Fill in the DNA molecules to the right using letters: S