Chemistry of Life Review Worksheet | Part I | KEY. Carbon Based Molecules. 1. In terms of science, what does the term âorganicâ mean? Contains car...
Chemistry of Life Review Worksheet | Part I | KEY Carbon Based Molecules 1. In terms of science, what does the term “organic” mean? Contains carbon or is carbon based 2. What is it about Carbon’s atomic structure that makes it “the building block of life”? Carbon has 4 outer electrons (needs 8 to be stable) ‐ so it can form up to FOUR BONDS. 3. Draw the electron configuration of a carbon atom that supports your answer in #2:
P = 6 n = 6
4. Name the 4 different types of organic molecules and their monomer and polymer in the table below: Organic Molecule
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Lipids
Fatty Acid
Lipid
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
Nucleic Acid
Proteins
Amino Acid
Proteins
5. Define the following and label the following parts (c, d, and e) in the figure: a. Monomer: : smaller carbon based sub‐unit b. Polymer: a chain of linked carbon based sub‐units (monomers)
One Many
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates 6. List the 3 elements that make up carbohydrates: a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen 7. What is the ratio of these elements to one another? 1 : 2 : 1 8. If a carbohydrate has 12 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen & oxygen atoms would this carbohydrate contain? a. Hydrogen: 24 b. Oxygen: 12 9. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called? Monosaccharide 10. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate called? Polysaccharide
11. Fill in the table for the three major polysaccharides and one monosaccharide used in biology: Type of Carb
Monomer or Polymer?
Where found?
Starch
Polymer
Plants
Cellulose
Polymer
Plants
Glucose
Monomer
Plants
Characteristics/Function Excess plant sugar that gets converted and stored
A plant starch found in the cell walls, which help make the plant rigid
Source of energy/food
Specific starch found in the liver and Glycogen
Polymer
Animals
muscles of animals‐ it is a readily available source of energy
Lipids 12. Name the 4 main types of lipids: a. Fats b. Oils c. Waxes d. Cholesterol e. Triglyceride f. Phospholipid (you could have any of these 4) 13. What are the main functions of lipids? a. Usable energy for cells b. They make up the cell membrane c. Used for insulation and cushion organs
14. Which lipid gives cells their flexibility? Cholesterol 15. Label as either SATURATED or UNSATURATED for a ‐ d:
a.Unsaturated b. Saturated Have fatty acids with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Have fatty acids in which all carbon carbon bonds are single bonds.
c. Saturated d. Unsaturated 16. Fill in the table below using the choices/questions in the “characteristics box”: Saturated Fats
Solid
Characteristics State (solid/liquid/gas) at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats
Liquid
Animals
Commonly found in which type of organisms
Plants
Types of bonds connecting carbon atoms
Double
Single
17. What is the structure below? Phospholipid 18. What does the structure below help to create? Cell Membranes 19. Label all parts of this structure and the polar, non‐polar, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic regions. Polar, hydrophilic, head made of: phosphate and glycerol
Non polar, hydrophobic, 2 fatty acid tails
20. How is this structure different from a triglyceride? A triglyceride’s head is made of just a glycerol, it has 3 fatty acid tails, and the whole structure is nonpolar and hydrophobic
Nucleic Acids 21. Fill in the table for nucleic acids (there are 2 polymers for this monomer): Monomer
Polymers
Functions
Stores information/instructions on how to make proteins. Helps to make proteins (Copies DNA’s instructions and takes them to the ribosome.
DNA Nucleotide RNA
22. Fill in the blank: The arrangement of nucleotides determines the kind of PROTEIN created. 23. Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide a. Phosphate Group b. Sugar c. Nitrogen containing base 24. Circle an entire nucleotide on the DNA segment below.
P
P
S
P
P
T
S P
S
G
S
P
P
S
A
S
S P S
C
P
P
25. How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA segment pictured? 8 (eight) 26. Fill in the DNA molecules to the right using the letters below: P (phosphate)
A (adenine)
T (thymine)
S (sugar)
G (guanine)
C (cytosine)
27. If you had the following strand of DNA bases ACGCGTATC, how would the attached DNA strand read? TGCGCATCG 28. If you had the following strand of DNA bases ACGCGTATC, how would the attached RNA strand read? UGCGCAUAG
