Benchmark 2 review Name _____________________________________________ Date _______________ Period ____ 1.
Identify the raw materials (reactants) used and materials produced (products) for aerobic cellular respiration. A
B
C
D
2.
Analyze the graphs depicting the composition of atmospheres for Venus, Mars, and Earth.
Select two statements that are supported with evidence from the graphs. A All of the planets represented have more than 1% CO2 in their atmosphere. B The planets with the most similar atmospheres are Venus and Earth. C The atmosphere of Earth is composed mainly of N2. D There is more Argon on Venus than Mars. E Earth has less O2 in its atmosphere than N2.
3.
Which statistic based on the graph below supports the idea that only Earth’s atmosphere contains evidence of photosynthesis?
4.
Bromothymol blue is an acid-base indicator. When mixed with a weak base (pH above 7.6), the solution turns blue. When the blue solution is mixed with a very weak acid (like adding CO2), the solution turns pale green (pH between 6 and 7.6). If more acid is added, the pH decreases to under 6 and the solution will turn a pale yellow.
pH of solution Color of solution: Biotic factor:
above 7.6 blue aquatic plant
below 6 pale yellow fish
between 6 and 7.6 pale green aquatic plant and fish
Based on the bromothymol blue lab we completed in class and the similar scenario above, select three statements that demonstrate what processes are occurring. A The plant undergoes photosynthesis, increasing the pH above 7.6 by removing CO2 from the water. B The plant undergoes photosynthesis, decreasing the pH between 6 and 7.6 by adding O2 to the water. C The fish undergoes cellular respiration, raising the pH to above 7.6 by removing the O2 in the water. D The fish undergoes cellular respiration, lowering the pH to below 6 by increasing the CO2 in the water. E The plant produces O2 which the fish uses to produce CO2 keeping the pH of the water between 6 and 7.6. 5.
Gases in the atmosphere cycle between living things in the biosphere. Plant cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts. In one type of organelle, carbon is removed from the atmosphere and stored in the molecule glucose. In the other, stored carbon is released to the atmosphere when glucose is broken down. Which of these statements best describes how organelles cycle carbon through the biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem?
A
Mitochondria perform photosynthesis and remove carbon from the atmosphere. Chloroplasts perform cellular respiration by transforming the carbon in glucose into carbon dioxide where it is released to the atmosphere.
B
Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis and remove carbon from the atmosphere. Mitochondria perform cellular respiration by transforming the carbon in glucose into carbon dioxide where it is released to the atmosphere.
C
Mitochondria perform photosynthesis by transforming the carbon in glucose into carbon dioxide where it is released to the atmosphere. Chloroplasts perform cellular respiration and remove carbon from the atmosphere.
D
Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis by transforming the carbon in glucose into carbon dioxide where it is released to the atmosphere. Mitochondria perform cellular respiration and remove carbon from the atmosphere.
6.
James handed in the circle graph shown below as his model of the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Choose two statements that explain why his model is NOT accurate. A B C D E
7.
James’s model has most of Earth’s atmosphere as CO2 . This was true of prebiotic Earth billions of years ago, but not now. James has over 4 gases showing on his model. Earth has only three: Nitrogen, Oxygen,and Carbon dioxide. James was very close on the amount of Oxygen, but very inaccurate on the Helium, Nitrogen, and Carbon dioxide. James’s model shows the two largest amounts of gases as Nitrogen and Oxygen. James has Helium as an atmospheric gas. Helium is not a gas in the atmosphere.
Examine the diagram. Select TWO answers that correctly identify the organelle and process, and reactants and/or products.
8. Atoms in elements and compounds are recycled over and over according to the Law of Conservation of Mass. Carbon can be found in every living thing on Earth. Examine the picture below and trace the biogeochemical cycle path of a carbon atom, putting the numbered events in order, starting out as part of a carbon dioxide molecule in earth’s atmosphere.
A B C D
9.
5, 2, 4, 1, 3 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 1, 5, 3, 4, 2
The composition of Earth’s atmosphere can be described as A
98% oxygen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other gases (including argon, carbon dioxide and water)
B
78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, and 1% other gases (including argon, carbon dioxide and water)
C
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases (including argon, carbon dioxide and water)
D
78% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases (including argon, nitrogen and water)
10. All living things use energy to carry out life processes. Zebras are heterotrophs- consumers that forage for food. Zebras are also herbivores that eat plants. Examine the picture and trace the transfer and movement of energy in the processes occurring in the zebra and plants.
A
The original energy source is the sun. Its energy is captured during photosynthesis in plants and stored in the glucose molecule. When the zebra eats plants, the stored energy is broken down during cellular respiration to release 38 molecules of ATP energy.
B
The original energy source is the energy stored as glucose made in the plant during photosynthesis. When the zebra eats plants, the stored energy is broken down during cellular respiration to release ATP used for cell activities.
C
The original energy source is the sun. Its energy is captured by pigments in the zebra’s skin called chlorophyll and stored as glucose in photosynthesis.
D
The original source is the food energy stored in the flesh of the zebra. This food energy is broken down through anaerobic cellular respiration to produce 2 molecules of ATP.
11.
The Ecology Club members at East Rockaway High School have come up with several ideas to counteract global warming. Global warming is directly related to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Which project would have the most impact on reducing greenhouse gases? A
Weekly trash and litter clean-up in all local parks in the county.
B
Build neighborhood composting pile, and plant a vegetable garden.
C
Plant ten new trees at every school and plant a hundred new butterfly bushes in county parks.
D
Provide special containers for each recyclable material at area schools to promote recycling awareness.
12.
Many graphs that track amounts of carbon dioxide in a year have a “sawtooth” pattern- the CO2 decreases in the summer and increases in the winter. This steady up and down pattern has been a constant characteristic in CO2 concentration every year.
Which TWO statements provides the best explanation for this characteristic “sawtooth” pattern? A B C D E
As temperatures rise from winter to summer, photosynthesis rates increase and the carbon dioxide in the air increases. As the seasons change from summer to winter, there is less water vapor for photosynthesis, decreasing the CO2 in the air. As trees lose their leaves in fall and winter, photosynthesis rates decrease and the carbon dioxide in the air increases. As plants die off in fall and winter, photosynthesis rates decrease and the carbon dioxide in the air decreases. As plants flourish and trees grow new leaves in spring and summer, CO2 is removed from the air for use in photosynthesis.
13. Living things get the energy they need for life from aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. Select the three statements that ONLY discuss aerobic cellular respiration. A B C D E F
Oxygen is required; CO2 and water are formed as a result of this process. Occurs only when oxygen is not present. Products are alcohol in plants and lactic acid in animals Occurs in the mitochondria of cell. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Creates much more energy (38 molecules of ATP) than the other type of respiration.
14. Juliet is using Skittles to make a model of Ca3(CO 3) 2. Calcium atoms are represented by yellow Skittles, carbon atoms by green Skittles, and oxygen atoms by red Skittles. Which of the following correctly models the formula for Ca3(CO 3) 2 calcium carbonate?
A B C D
2 yellow, 2 green, and 5 red 2 yellow, 3 green, and 6 red 3 yellow, 3 green, and 5 red 3 yellow, 2 green, and 6 red
15. Which of the following equations matches the model and demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A B C D
Li + S + 2O2 → Li2SO4 Ca + S + 2O2 → CaSO4 3Li + P + O2 → Li3PO4 Ca + N2 + 2O2 → Ca(NO2)2
16. A chemical reaction in which hydrogen gas combines with oxygen gas to form water. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what is the mass of the reactant?
2H2 A B C D
108.2 grams 48.2 grams 20.8 grams 22.2 grams
+ O2 → 2H2O 46.0g + ? g → 68.2g
