APUSH Women Review
By: Joyce Kim, Hannah Kim, Jeffrey Kim, Hannah Kwak (Group 1) (1600-1980)
- Pocahontas and Jamestown • 1st location where the English settled in America. • Virginia company settled sail in late 1606. •Wife of John Rolfe.
- Massachusetts Bay Colony •Anne Hutchinson Carried to logical extremes the Puritan doctrine of predestination. •Claimed that holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not to bother to obey the law of either God or man. •She was tried at court and exiled to Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials (1692) A group of a dancing girls in Salem Massachusetts claimed to have been bewitched. A witch hunt led to legal lynching often directed at property owning women. The horror in Salem was not only from the superstitions but also from unsettled social and religious conditions. This reflected the social stratification of new England and ended in 1693.
- Upper-class Patriot Women assist the Independence Movement Their goal was to raise the sons and daughters as a patriotic icon during the American revolution.
Abigail Adams •She was the wife of John Adams. •She was also one of the first Americans to see the implications of revolutionary ideas for the status of women. 1776: determined to “create a rebellion.” If women were not given political rights after U.S. Constitution, most states removed right to vote for women
Republican Motherhood •Elevating women to a new role as special keepers of the nations conscience. •They bore a crucial responsibility for the survival of the nation. - Judith Sargent Murray – On the Equality of the Sexes (1790) -Promoted continuation of education for women beyond republican motherhood. -- Education opportunities for women expanded in that the educated wives and mothers would be able to cultivate the virtues demanded by the republic.
•She aided Lewis and Clark’s journey in the land acquired from the French. •Her ability to translate allowed the explorers to reach the pacific ocean.
Sacagawea
CULT OF DOMESTICITY
Lowell System
•named after Francis Cabot Lowell/ textile factories were worked by young women laborers. •Because many people in New England considered the employment immoral, factory owners had to emphasize maintenance of a proper environment: strict curfews, mandated church attendance, provided healthy diets, and a degree of cleanliness.
Dorothea Dix -human rights activists and reformer/ made distinct contributions to the care of the mentally ill/ Army Nurse during the Civil War Temperance movement -a social movement that urged the prohibition of alcohol, promote complete abstinence, and wanted the government to ban alcohol -1847: aimed at saving the working class from the dangers of drinking -1826: the establishment of the American Temperance Society Female Moral Reform Society (New York) -moral reform became a big issue during the 1830s and 1840s. -concerned with the prostitution. Goal: to prevent and ban prostitution
Harriet Tubman
-an anti-slavery novel that laid out the foundations of the Civil War -best-selling novel in the 19th century -Helped fuel the abolition movement
Industrialization and urbanization affect on women • able to work in factories because the creation of machines (World War 2: men were drafted from the workplace to fight in war). • able to contribute to the family income. •still locked into their traditional roles (mothers and wives.) •able to make a living financially (usually bare minimum. • looked down upon because they went against their traditional role in society.
•Wanted more profit hired women in textile factories increased competition women were paid less good for factories. •But most or all of the people in the upper business class who reaped the most from labor and had monopolies were women. •were in the poorer lower class because both middle class and upper class women had no need to work. •Women were also able to make a significant impact on the business sector through literary works and a prime example is The History of the Standard Oil Company (1889) written by Ida Tarbell .
•important reform institutions located in usually the poorer regions. •provided assistance to the poor who usually had no other way to receive access (legal help and child day cares.) •Child dare cares: absolved their roles as mothers, allowed them to have an opportunity to work. •work force of the settlement houses: middle class workers. •One well known settlement houses: Hull House of Chicago established by Jane Addams in Chicago in the year of 1889.
Temperance Movement
After the Second Great Awakening, reformers were more zealous in their activities. •Middle-aged women: most active in the temperance movement (wanted to halt the consumption of hard liquor and effects that came with it.) • Excessive drinking: favorite American pastime due to tradition and the harsh monotonous life of the Average American. •Men, who brought most of the money home, wasted their paychecks for such alcohol. Drunkenness violence @ home ruined the general spiritual welfare of the family. •Frances E. Willard was one of the most famous temperance reformers. The Woman’s Temperance Union was founded in 1874.
•One imp. event of the women suffrage movement was the Seneca Falls Convention in 1858 in which Elizabeth Cady Stanton delivered her famous parody of the Declaration of Independence. •Some of the most influential women’s rights crusaders were Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Victoria Woodhull, Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Alice Paul.
•Association was established in the year of 1869. The American Suffrage Association pursued woman suffrage in state constitutions. -Equal Rights Party nominated Victoria Woodhull first and became the first female presidential candidate in 1872 -Jeanette Rankin made history when she became the first woman elected into Congress in 1917. -The suffragist part eventually separated based on ideologies and the National Womans Party in 1916 was created in Alice Paul and Lucy Burns. -Woman gained the most in the west where the states were more liberal and Wyoming was the first state that granted women the right to vote. -Carrie Chapman Catt pursued women suffrage movement on the national level.
Women World War 1 Effects
•Women served in the military: mostly nurses or operators. •Men drafted opened up jobs and some jobs ended up lasting until after the world war. •As a result, women became even a larger force in the economic sector and expanded even more due to the expansion of white color jobs. • Women serving in military (expanding freedom) tension between women supporting traditional roles.
IMPORTANT WOMEN
-Wife of President Roosevelt and was one of the most active first lady. Public speaker for her paralyzed spouse and made . After his death, she remained active in politics and by was named one of the most esteem women during her time.
-First woman to be in the US Cabinet. She furthered the New Deal. She had many achievements like unemployment benefits, first minimum wage, and fought for child labor laws.
Woman began to take the jobs
that the men left behind after being drafted into the war. For some women, this was their real job. It created tension between woman who believed in traditional house wife roles and women who believed in equal rights. Rosie the Riveter
-Publicized birth control and established Planned Parenthood. Helped legalize contraception in the US. American Birth Control League (1921) -Founded by Margaret Sanger. Promoted birth control clinics and women to control their own fertility. Spoke against poor conditions for young women
-First woman to fly over the Atlantic sea. She was known for her courage and her vision. She disappeared after flying over the Bermuda triangle.
Rosa Parks inspired Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 -Stood up against a white man for a spot on the bus. Was beaten and arrested for her defiance. Inspired Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement.
-Women wanted to keep their jobs after the men returned from war. They began to run for high office positions. Women also became more independent and self determined.
WORKS CITED http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/resources/Firsts.php http://www.infoplease.com/spot/womenstimeline1.html http://www.sachem.edu/schools/seneca/socialstudies/guttman/per5/roleofwomen/link1.htm http://women-in-war2.tripod.com/ Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Newman, John J., John M. Schmalbach. United States History: Preparing For The Advanced Placement Examination. United States of America: Amsco School Publications Inc., 2006.
