Making your city clean and profitable : Waste to Energy Kwangsoo KIM
Contents 1. Introduction of KDHC
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2. Types of waste to energy 3. Waste to energy of incinerator, Case study 4. Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) combustion
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Introduction of KDHC(Korea District Heating Corporation) Two Oil Shocks in 1970s
- Negative growth - High inflation - Imbalance of external accounts
Energy Efficiency? Energy Security?
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Introduction of KDHC Establishment : 1985(Loan from ADB, US$32M, Repaid by 2003) Seoul Mapo Area First District Heatiing Project
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Present status of KDHC Name Korea District Heating Corporation
Establishment 1985.11.1
Purpose To save energy, to reduce pollution and to increase the convenience of the public
Financial Status(as of 2014) Asset : USD 4.7 billion / Sales : USD 2.1 billion
Sales volume Heat : 1.4M households / Electricity : 1,631MW
Share Ownership Government & Public Companies : 75% Open to public in the stock market : 25%
Organization 1 CEO, 1 vice president, 2 headquarters, 14 divisions, 18 branch offices About 1,700 employees
Credit Rating International : A1(Moody's) National : AAA
Major Business Integrated Energy : District Heating and Cooling Electricity Renewable energy -5-
Waste To Energy ratio 25% and increasing 100% 15.9%
80% 25.0% 68.3%
60%
Landfilled WTE
40% 59.1%
5.5%
Recycled
20% 26.2%
0%
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Policies for waste in Korea • Reduction : control use of disposable goods, adopt volume-rate disposal system • Reuse : adopt deposit system on empty bottles, plastic bags, and etc. • Recycle : support recycling facilities, promote recycling industries • WtE : support government aid, strengthen pollutant management • Landfill : recover landfill gas, strengthen pollutant management
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Types of Thermal Technology
Mechanical Biological Treatment(MBT) +RefuseDerived Fuel(RDF) Combustion
Mass Burn Incineration (MBI)
Thermal Technology
Item
Total
Incineration
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Number of facility
184
167
13
4
Capacity(Ton/day)
17,207
15,739
1,355
113
*. Thermal treatment facility(over 100t/day) = 49 sites
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Advanced Thermal Treatment (ATT)
5 processes of Stoker Type
∙Feed hopper
∙Primary air
∙Electrostatic precipitator
∙Scrubber
∙Grate
∙Secondary air
∙Reactor
∙ID Fan
∙Ram feeder
∙Bottom ash extractor
∙Fabric filter
∙Stack
Flue gas treatment
Furnace
Delivery
Waste Pit
∙Weighing station
∙Waste storage
∙Sliding gates to stop odors
∙Waste cranes to mix waste ∙Fire-extinguishing system
Boiler ∙Steam production ∙Water / steam system ∙Electricity production ∙Districting heating / pocess ∙Steam
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4 major Incineration plants in Seoul(capacity 2850 t/d)
DH &DC plant(KDHC)
Nowon, 800t/d
MP Inc. Mapo, 750t/d
Yangchun, 400t/d
Gangnam, 900t/d
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Environmental effect(Low pollutants)
NOx (< 70)
Dioxin (< 0.1) 0.1
MP YC GN
[ppm]
[ng/Nm3]
NW 0.05
0 MP
NW
GN
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YC
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MP
NW
GN
YC
Status of energy supplied by KDHC using incinerator 2,500
15
2,066 1,924
1,896
1,968
1,903
1,966 13
1,615
1,500
11 1,275 1,181 1,080
1,000
9
811
Number of INC.
Energy from INC. [thousand MWh]
2,000
Energy from Incinerator 500
7 Number of Incinerator
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5 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
The Number of Inc., connected to KDHC, has more than doubled since 2004. - 11 -
Mechanical Biological Treatment+Refuse Derived Fuel Combustion Shredder
Size separator
Magnetic separator
Wind separator
Refuse Derived Fuel
Refuse Derived Fuel
RDF boiler
Steam turbine generator
Flue gas treatment
Stack
MBT Process
RDF Combustion
※ Busan RDF production facility - 12 -
Case Study : RDF Cogeneration(electricity + district heating)
Content
Capacity
22MW+52MWth
Fuel (RDF)
492ton/day
Area
RDF MT(21,900㎡) RDF CHP(111,274㎡)
Investment ($us million)
Output
(Estimation)
RDF MT(79) RDF CHP(99) Elec. : 170GWe Heat : 349GWth
RDF CHP Environment Protection 80
ppm
Division
70
60
50
40
40 20
30 20
15 5
10
25 10 0.1 0.05
0
Dust
CO
HCl
Regulation by Gov.
Sox
Nox
KDHC Design
Gwangju-Jeonnam New Town : 50thousand people, 20thousand household - 13 -
Dioxin
Case Study : Change of Nanji landfill site in Seoul Worldcup Park(Nanji-do)
Nanji landfill, Korea (1990)
Nanji landfill, Korea (2014)
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Conclusion
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Kwangsoo KIM KDHC Renewable Business Team
[email protected]
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