SCIENCE' NEW SERIEs
VOL. 101, NO. 2614
SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00 SINGLE COPIES, .15
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1945
NEW NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL MILITARY MEDICAL MAN.UAL! * Internist, mycologist, dermatologist, immunologist and pathologist have united under the auspices of the National Research Council to present, through this new military medical manual, the clinical data so urgently needed today in order to deal effectively with fungus infections. The great features of this manual are its 148 illustrations and its simplicity-simplicity so skillfully achieved that even doctors with no special training in the field find it possible to diagnose and treat mycotic diseases with complete confidence. Differential diagnosis is stressed and therapy specifically indicated, with detailed guidance on application, including that of the sulfonamides and penicillin. The timeliness of this new manual and its unusual manner of presentation make it of unusual interest to all interested in fungi and the diseases they cause. By NORMAN F. CONANT, PTH.D.; DONALD STOVER MARTIN, M.D.; DAVID TILLERSON SMITH, M.D.; ROGER DENIo BAKER, M.D., and JASPER LAMAR CALLAWAY, M.D., Duke University School of Medicine. 348 pages, 51,b4" x 7%", with 148 illustrations. $3.5Q
Heilbrunn's New (3rd) Edition
Frobisher's Bacteriology This is what a teacher in one of the great mid-western universities wrote to us: "The New (3rd) Edition is an admirable text for students who desire factual information, vividly presented. I am impressed by the wealth of good illustrations, the new material on recent developments and the clever way the historical material is presented." By MARTIN FROBISHER, JR., S.B., Sc.D., F.A.A.A.S., F.A.P.H.A., Associate Professor of Bacteriology, the Johns Hopkins University. 824 pages, 5%'" x 7%", with 398 illustrations. $4.00
General Physiology Presents
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$6.00
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VVeathe rwax Plant Biology Stresses the physiological and ecological
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PAUL WUTHERWAX, Professor of Botany, BY Indiana University. 455 pages, 53/4"x83/4",
B. SAUNDERS
West Washington Square
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with 417 illustrations
W.
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$3.25
COMPANY
Philadelphia 5
Published weekly by the America*s Association f or the Advancement of Science at Lancaster, Pa. Entered as second-class matter July 18, 192S at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 8, 1879.
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VOL. 101, No. 2614
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POSITIONS OPEN Analytical Development Chemist. Large midwestern pharmaceutical company has immediate opening for man to take charge of development of analytical procedures for new pharmaceutical products. Applicant must comply with W.M.C. regulations. Box 102 "SCIENCE" Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. Assistant Physicist for research work on stainless steels and similar alloys, College degree required. Box 103 " SCIENCE " Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. Pharmaceutical Chemist for midwestern pharmaceutical company. Position involves development and product improvement work. Man with experience preferred. Please state salary expectations with complete details of your experience and training in first letter of application. Box 104 "'SCIENCE " Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. Opportunities Available. (a) Physician for appointment in medical genetics in department of human heredity of state university; duties full-time research; knowledge of human genetics desirable but not essential. (b) Industrial hygiene chemist; division of industrial hygiene, state department of health; woman eligible; $250-300. (c) Instructor in anatomy; university medical school; West; immediately. (d) Supervisor technician; must be experienced in plasma processing and able to direct others; Hawaii. 51-1 Medical Bureau, Burneice Larson, Director, Palmolive Building, Chicago, Ill. Wanted: Individual to join staff of small nonprofit research laboratory devoted, primarily, to neuromuscular studies. Ph.D. in physiology or anatomy preferred. Salary depends on training and experience. Box 108, "SCIENCE" Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. Graduate Assistant: B.S. or M.54 Opportunity to earn Ph.D. degree. Background in physics and biology preferred. July 1. Salary, $1,200. Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans 13, La. Zoologist: Experienced in circulatory system injection of common laboratory animals, wanted for position in preserved material department of wellknown eastern supply house. State age, education, experience, salary expected, and draft classification, if any. Address Box 109, " SCIENCE, "' Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.
INSITRMENTS
AND EQUIPMENT Electronic-Hardened Filter Paper No. 576; Micro Lint-Free; for Biological Products
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For Sale: 42 rebuilt microscopes, fully guaranteed. Ranging from 2 objective to oil immersion equipped microscopes. Will ship on approval. Priced from $48.00 up. Also used objectives and accessories. We do expert repair work on all makes in our shop or your Laboratory. Lukas Microscope Service, Skolie, IL. Wanted: Wish to purchase a Zeiss Homal I and Homal IV in good condition. Box 106, "SCIENCE " Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.
Wanted: Leitz Ultropak Illuminator, any model, with or without objectives. PHELPS DODGE CORPORATION, Research & Development Dept., Maspeth P. 0., L. I., N. Y. POSITIONS WANTED Botanist. Ph.D., 50, desires academic position. Has had 21 years of successful teaching experience and research in large university. Specially qualified in the fields of mycology and forest pathology. References. Available on reasonable notice. Will consider any position of suitable location. Box 110, " SCIENCE, " Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
Wanted: Annalen der Chemie (Liebig's). Complete set if possible. State condition of volumes and price desired. Box 107, "SCIENCE," Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C. For Sale: Back numbers and volumes of Medical, Chemical and Scientific periodicals. Kindly send a list of journals you require also titles of any that you may wish to sell. B. LOGIN AND SON, INC., Est. 1887, 29 East 21st St., New York 10, N. Y. Wanted to purchase Scientific Periodicals, Foreign-Domestic. WALTER J. JOHNSON, 125 East 23rd Street, New York 10, New York.
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2614 101, No. 264 O.11o
ARMCH
W&T PRECISION ANEROID MANOMETER
Of course, little research can be conducted entirely from an armchair - but neither is a gymnast required for precise wide range, pressure readings when using the W&T Precision Dial Manometer with a scale readability equal to a conventional manometer ten feet high. Other design features which adapt the instrument to all types of precision pressure readings such as instrument calibrating, engine test stand work and laboratory procedures are: Range Scale Expansion
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Change in pressure (FA-146) Temperature Effect 3.75% per 1000C change T17tz.1_ i_1-
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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
MEDIC IIROME
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SLIDES
listed in our new catalog 103
JUST OUTMA NEUROANATOMY
of Dermatology, N. Y. U. College of Medicine; Herman Goodman, M.D.; and Dept. of Health, N. Y. C., Theodore Rosenthal, M.D., Director, Bureau of Social Hygiene.
A series of 150 2x 2" (35 mm.) Kodachrome
transparencies (lantern slides) Photomicrographs made from the collection of Dr. Adolph Elwyn, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. C.
MH NORMAL HISlTULOiGY
MS SKIN-NEVI and CANCER
A series of approximately 1000 2 1 2" (35 mm.) Kodachrome photomicrographs (lantern slides) of Normal Histology. OREDIT-Slides from the collections of . . . Dr. Ramon Castroviejo, The Eye Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York City Dr. Moses Diamond, Columbia University College of Dentistry, New York City Dr. S. B. Detwiler, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
A series of 64 2 x 2" Kodachrome photomicrographs of the Histopathology of Certain Nevi and Cancer. From the Registry of Dermal Path., Army Med. Museum, series of the American Academy of Dermatology and Syphilology. Made with the cooperation of Dr. Fred D. Weidman, Professor of Dermatological Research, University of Pennsylvania; and Dr. Hamilton Montgomery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Syllabus is included with each series. MS3 DERMATOLOGY A series of 152 2 x 2" (35 mm.) Kodachrome photomicrographs on Skin Diseases made with the cooperation of Dr. George M. MacKee, Director, and Dr. Charles F. Sims, Associate, New York Skin and Cancer Unit of Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, New York City. The classification of diseases follows the classification given in the tenth edition of Diseases
city Dr. Adolph Elwyn, College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City Dr. S. I. Kornhauser, University of Louisville,
Louisville, Ky.
Dr. Wendell J. S. Krieg, Dept. of Anatomy, New York University College of Medicine Dr. Daniel Ziskin, Columbia University College of Dentistry, New York City
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.ME EMBRYOLOGY ME EMBRYOLOGY A series of 16 2x2" Kodachrome Photomicrographe of Embryology. graph oE mbyLPATHOLOGY MD DENTAL A series of 137 2x2" Kodachrome projection
of the Jr. Skin by Richard Sutton and Richard MT TROPICAL DISEASES M R PC LDSAE A series of approximately 150 2 12" (35 mm.) Kodachrome transparencies (lantern slides).
CREDIT: Made with the cooperation of Dr. Henry E. Meleney, Dr. Harry Most and Dr. Dominic DeGiusti, Department of Preventive Medicine, New York University College of MediSlides Nos. MT45, 46, 47 are from the cine. Medical Museum. ~~Army
slides, made with the cooperation of Dr. Charles G. Darlington and Dr. Oscar Miller of New York University College of Dentistry.
MOl OPHTHALMOIt'ALOGY A]J~~gUBUUs
MU UROGENITAL PATHOLOGY A sROGraphsPphotOGr A seroes of 250 photomclrographs, photographs of gross specimens and clinical photographs being made with the cooperation of Dr. M. M. M02 OCULAR PATHOLOGY Melicow, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Urology. A series of approximately 260 2 x 2" (35 mm.) Kodachrome Photomicrographs on ocular path- STRUMPELL and JACOB ology made with the cooperation of the Insti- NEUROLOGY CHARTS A series of 200 212" (35 mm.) Kodachrome slides made with the cooperation of Dr. Donald Weeks Bogart of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York City.
tute of Ophthalmology of the Presbyterian Hospital of New York City.
MS2 DERMATOLOGY and SYPHILOLOGY
A series of 21
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(35 mm.) Kodachromes of the well-known Kappers Charts on the comparative anatomy of vertebrate brains.
A series of 240 2x 2" (35 mm.) Kodachrome transparencies (lantern slides) made with the cooperation of Prof. Frank 0. Combes, Dept.
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VOL. VOL.
1011
No. 2614
CONWAY TYPE
M ICRO D IFFUSION U NIT OF COORS PORCELAIN
Fig. 1.
4472-F. Complete Unit
4472-F. Fig. 2. Cross-section
MICRO DIFFUSION UNIT, Conway Type, of Coors Porcelain. A modification of the original glass Conway unit, for the micro-determination of ammonia and urea, but useful for numerous other tests in the biological and pharmacological laboratory. Utilizes the micro-diffusion principle, i.e. the liberation and absorption of small amounts of gases from volatile substances in a closed system.
Consisting of a low form, flat bottom, circular dish of Coors porcelain, glazed inside and outside, with ground edge and concentric inner wall arising from the floor; and a flat, ground glass cover to fit. Dish is approximately 68 mm diameter x 15 mm high; the central chamber, formed by the inner wall, is 35 mm inside diameter at the bottom and approximately 5 mm deep; ground glass cover is 75 mm square. The opaque white porcelain surface forms a superior background for titrations with indicators and the wide, smoothly ground, flat edge permits an excellent seal with the ground glass cover, which is important in use. METHOD OF USE. In a typical analysis, standard acid is introduced into the central chamber; the liquid sample is placed in the annular section, and the glass cover is sealed on by use of petrolatum or similar fixative. Next, the unit is tilted slightly and the glass cover shifted laterally, admitting entrance to the moat only, and a measured quantity of reagent is introduced to liberate the volatile substance. Then the dish is resealed and the unit is rotated 10 to 20 times without mixing the contents of the two chambers. After complete absorption, by simple gaseous diffusion, the cover is removed and the contents of the inner chamber are titrated.
Bibliography Edward J. Conway, Micro-Diffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error, (D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, 1940); H. Borsook and J. W. Dubnoff, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 131 (1939), p. 163; S. C. Werch, The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol. 26 (1941), p. 878; T. Winnick, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 141 (1941), p. 115; and Ibid., Vol. 142 (1942), p. 451, and Vol. 142 (1942), p. 461; R. C. Werner, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 142 (1942), p. 705; and Ibid., Vol. 142 (1942), pp. 725 and 741; E. 0'Malley, E. J. Conway and 0. Fitzgerald, Biochemical Journal, Vol. 37 (1943), p. 278. 4472-F. Micro Diffusion Unit, Conway Type, of Coors porcelain, as above described, complete with glass cover ground on one side .................................... 1.10 4472-G. Ditto, dish only, without cover .................................. 1.00
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VOL.
101,
No. 2614
THE OPTICAL TOOLS OF SCIENCE... THE LABORATORY MICROSCOPE
The Bausch & Lomb Model "A" Microscope is the standard laboratory model used in educational work. It is also a vital stepping-stone of science, for it is upon this instrument that the microscopists of the future learn the techniques that they will later use with the more advanced models. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester 2, N. Y.
BAUSCH & LOMB ESTABLISHED
18 5 3
SCIENCE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1945
VOL. 101
Biological Research Strategy and Publication Policy: PROFESSOR PAUL WEISS .... .............. 101 The Riole of Nutrition in Cancer Prevention: DR. VAN R. POTTER ...... 105 Obituary: Recent Deaths ......... 109 Scientific Events: The Typhus Commission of the United States of America; The War and Engineering Education; Additional Grants of the Sugar Research Foundation; Award of the Roebling Medal of the Minera................. 110 logical Society of America ...... Scientific Notes and News .111 Discussion: Pigment and Biochrome: DR. F. B. SUMNER. Latent Viruses in Stone Fruits: DR. J. A. MILBRATH and DR. S. M. ZELLER. Penicillin Sodium Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis of Mice: AMADOR NEGHM1E. A New Quarry for Jurassic Dino.saurs: DR. WILLIAM LEE STOKES. The " Sciencey" Talent Search: DRL PAUL F. BRANDWEI.B-114A ,.EA N ................................................................................. 114 Scientific Books: Bessel Functions: H. BATEMAN. The Control of Bilharzia: DR. E. A. ANDREWS .................. 117
Paorss*on
No. 2614
Penicillin Activity by Means of Adrenalin: DR. ROY T. FISK, DR. ALVIN G. FOORD and DR. GORDON ALLES ..119 Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods: A Chin-Operated Focus Adjustment for the Dissecting Microscope: DR. ERLING S. HEGRE and DR. RAYMOND F. BLOUNT. An Experimental MicroDrill: PROFESSOR WARREN R. WAGNER .............................. 126 Science News ................................. 10
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Special Articles: Lancaster. Pa. An Antibiotic Substance Active against MycoCommiunicntions relative to advprtisine shoildl he addressed to THEO. CHRISTENSEN, Advertising Manager, Smithsonian bacterium Tuberculosis: DR. IGOR N. ASHESHOV Institutiton Buildhig. 1%'ashiugtoii 25. 1). C. and FRIEDA STRELITZ. A Quantitative Study of relative to membership in the Association the Fibronolysin-Antifibrinolysin Reaction: ComandCoomniunl(atiojsm to all matters of Ibusiness of the Association should be ON _z RESPIRAORYOL MISSION ON ACUTE RESPIRATORY DJISEASESMISSION TN CoLSecretary, A.A.A.S., Smithsonian addressed to the Permanent LABORATION WITH MELVIN H. KAPLAN. The ImInstitution Building, Washington 25, D. C. munizing Effect of Calcium Phosphate Adsorbed Influenza Virus: JONAS E. SALK. Prolongation of Annual subscription, $6.00 Single copies, 15 cents
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH STRATEGY AND PUBLICATION POLICY1 By Professor PAUL WEISS UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
THE difficulties in the field of biological publication, which we are to discuss at this conference, are only partly of a technical and administrative. nature and therefore can only partly be overcome by technical and organizational measures. The roots of the problem lie much deeper and concern the whole future of biology. As publication is merely crystallized research, publication ills are largely an outcome of defective research, and bad research, in turn, may be blamed on bad training for research. The publication problem thus appears as just one aspect of a much broader problem; namely, that of teaching and research in biology in general. If the volume of publication threatens to surpass what is technically and economically manageable, we 1 Address before the Conference on Publication Problems in Biology, held at the Cleveland meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on September 11, 1944.
must decide on how to meet the threat without hampering scientific progress. Our capacity to process, finance, store and utilize scientific literature is certainly not unlimited. Yet, in the past we have often behaved as if it were. We now realize that we are approaching the critical limit at an ominous pace, and we want to be prepared. Logically, there are several ways of keeping the volume of publication within reasonable bounds. We might reduce the volume of research production, or we might continue to produce at full capacity but publish only part of it; above all, we might increase the efficiency of both production and publication; that is, the yield, per unit of time, of scientifically useful results, and the yield, per printed page, of scientifically useful statements. In deciding just what course to follow in practice, the long-range interests of biological science as a whole should prevail. However, since biology lacks unity of purpose and has never
