Unit 4 Genetics QUIZ Review Sheet Textbook chapters: 6 & 7
name __________________________ per ___ date _____
quiz date: _____________
Vocabulary to know well Somatic cell Sexual reproduction Inheritance Zygote Karyotype Dihybrid cross Sister chromatids Gregor Mendel
Gamete Diploid (2n) centromere Homozygous Phenotype centriole Mitosis pedigree
Homologous chromosome Law of segregation Law of independent assortment
Punnet square Monohybrid cross Crossing over Incomplete dominance Sister chromatids
chromosome Haploid (n) Egg / sperm/ pollen heterozygous Dominant pure Codominance Sex-linked trait
Sex chromosome Meiosis gene Genome Recessive hybrid Multiple alleles probability
allele trait genotype chromatin centromere Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 homolog
1.) A ______________________ is any body cell, where as a ____________ is a sex cell. 2.) Mendel’s law of _________________________ states that two copies of each gene are inherited, one from each parent; these two alleles separate during meiosis, going to different gametes. 3.) Mendel’s law of _________________________ states that traits are inherited independently, one does not affect the presence of another. 4.) A __________________ is any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring, the code for this characteristic is found on specific segments of DNA, or _________. 5.) Meiosis I divides _______________________________, meiosis II divides ___________________________ and results in four genetically unique ____________ cells, called ________________. 6.) Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis. Include at least 5 similarities in the middle and 5 differences unique to each. 7.) Circle below all examples of heterozygous alleles, put a box around a homozygous dominant, and underline homozygous recessive.
RR
Ff
TT
Gg
hh
yY
Nn
IAIB
XX
XY
ff
Ss
IBi
B1B2
XhXH
XMXM
Ww
8.) Write the genotypes to the following phenotypes: Pink hair is recessive to blue; green eyes are dominant to yellow. pink hair, green eyes = ________ Blue hair, yellow eyes = _______ Stripes are dominant to spots, long horns are dominant to short. Spots, short horns = ________ stripes, short horns = ________ Use the alleles from the above problem to predict the phenotype ratios of offspring: 1) Show a dihybrid cross (on a separate piece of paper) between a parent with pink hair and yellow eyes and a parent heterozygous for both traits. What are the phenotype ratios of the offspring? Genotype’s of parents: ___________ x _________ 2) An impala with the dominant trait of curvy horns has two offspring with straight horns, what are the genotype and phenotype of the two parent impalas? Show your work in a Punnett square (on a separate piece of paper). 9.) A color blind (sex-linked, recessive disorder) male mates with a female that is a carrier of color blindness. What is the probability that female offspring will have color blindness? Will be carriers? Will be normal (not a carrier or have it)? Show your work in a Punnet square (on a separate piece of paper), use the letter b for the sex-linked allele. 10.) Draw and label the phases below, use an organism that has 4 chromosomes in its diploid cells. Label and explain the differences between all three metaphases you model to demonstrate all of your understanding.
Metaphase of mitosis
Metaphase I of meiosis
Metaphase II of meiosis
11.) Name the process shown in the diagram: ______________________ Label on this diagram: homologous pair, chromosome from mom, chromosome from dad, sister chromatids (dad), sister chromatids (mom), homologs, recombinant chromosome, swapped alleles
12.) Explain how the process of meiosis contributes to both of Mendel’s laws (law of segregation and law of
independent assortment).
13.) Cattle can be red (RR = all red hairs), white (WW = all white hairs), or roan (RW = red & white hairs together). Is this
a good example of incomplete dominance or Codominance? Explain.
14.) What is the diagram below called? _____________________
This shows the inheritance of an autosomal recessive lung disease. a. What is the genotypes of the individual labeled a.? _______ b. What 2 pieces of evidence can you use to figure out the genotype of b.?
c. What evidence can you use to figure out the genotype of c.?
d. If this disease was a sex-linked recessive disorder, how would that change the offspring of individual a.?
15.) What is the image to the right called? ____________ a. What sex does it indicate and how do you know?
b. Explain why they are in groups of two and numbered.
c. Can you tell if this is a healthy person just by this image? Explain.