AmIcAN
ISSN 0036407S i4 OCroBzR I988 VOLUME 24.2
ASSOCuION POR THE ADvANCEMENT OP SCIENCE
SCIENCE
NumBER 4876
163 TUis Week im Scence
165 Advances inIumentation 167 Batte Ove Error: W. W. STEwART Am N. FEDUm; B. J. CUTN a Revival of the Ethics AdV;y Boad: G. B. ELLs a Research at USAMRID: J. M. NovAx *N A Nfiae or El Viej ?:J. L Burnu
173 Sciec Polc: George Bush; Michel S. Dukkis 183 The Drug of Champios 185 Academy Exploes Useof Arty is Muc WoZkTl Slow Going on Al to Draize Test 186 CBO Caution Congr on SSC 187 Bill Would Set Fraud Guidelin for Scientic Publications Harvads Bl thal Ads Dukis 188 AID Acts on Ern Cae Health Prls of the Homeless 189 SDI Plan Endorsed
190
SSpecies Act Pse
191 Gene Tnsfe Is ng gh n Tar 192 Similar eent D ilr Reut 193 Joint Soviet-U.S. Atta on Hea Muscle Dogm 195 Sls Of Cotinetal Crt Coi into View Turs Five a 11 Have the Rehydrtabe Beef Patty, 198 Rudo Samples: C Please *Reason r Cautin ono Season a The Way We Are
ic pplicaton to 209 S Tuneing Mo y md Atomic Foce M B;O O¶aTechnOIO P. . S1A, V. B. EuNG, 0.M , eS ndiv on SQUID Magnetometrs: 217 The Impact of ighTep A M IL H. Koon J. C : M. J. GORDON, X. HUANG, S. L. PENTONEY, JL, 224 Capilaw e h
229 DNA D niMolecular Thniques and Automation: U. IDAGTN, R. KSER, C T. Cw, L HOOD 240 Muta Trp R wreSSo8ith New DNA-Bdin S s: S BSS, V. So s, P.YOU RN b puW_Au h6UmDI
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_ - SCIENCE
The image of a single crystal of the amino acid DL-leucine reveals the individual methyl groups at the end of each amino acid molecule as white spots. It was taken with an atomic force microscope. See page 209. [Photograph by Scot Gould, Department of Physics, University of Califomia, Santa Barbara, CA 93106] COVER
249 Bulk Superconductivity up to 122 K in the TI-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System: M. A. SuBRAMAN.N, C. C. ToRARDI, J. GOPALARSHNAN, P. L. Gm, J. C. CAABRESEE, T. R. Asxzw, R. B. FLIPPEN, A. W. SLEIGr 252 The Paleomagnetic Field fiom Equatorial Deep-Sea Sediments: Axial Symmetry and Polarity Asymmetry: D. A. SCHNEIDER AND D. V. KENT 256 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Kills Immature Thymocytes by Ca2YMediated Endonudease Activation: D. J. MCCONKEY, P. HARTZELL, S. K. DUDDY, H. HAKANSSON, S. ORRENIUS 259 A Mycobacterium leprae-Speific Human T Cell Epitope Cross-Reactive with an 261
263 266 268 270
273
275 278
HLA-DR2 Peptide: D. C. ANDERSON, W. C. A. VAN SCHOOTEN, M. E. BARRY, A. A. M. JANSON, T. M. BUCHANAN, R. R. P. DE VRIES Unusual Imunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement Leads to Replacement of Recombinational Signal Sequences: E. MoRzycKA-WRoBiLEwsKA, F. E. H. LEE, S. V. DESIDEIuO Structural Rearrangement of the Retinoblastoma Gene in Human Breast Carcinoma: A. T'ANG, J. M. VARLEY, S. CHAi3ABoRTrY, A. L. MURPHREE, Y.-K. T. FUNG Recogntion and Transport of Adenine Derivatives with Synthetic Receptors: T. BENZING, T. TJIKuA, J. WOLPE, J. REBEK, JL Sarafotoxin, a Novel Vasoconstrictor Peptide: Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Rat Heart and Brain: Y. KLOOG, L. AMBAR, M. SOKOLOVSKY, E. KocHvA, Z. WOLLBERG, A. BDoLAH Heterogeneity of Glycine Receptors and Their Messenger RNAs in Rat Brain and Spinal Cord: H. AxAGI AND R. MILDI Acetaldehyde Production and Transfer by the Perfused Human Placental Cotyledon: P. I. KAR1U., B. H. J. GORDON, C. S. LIEBER, S. E. FISHER Antibodies to Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp Can Inhibit Transport of Nudear Proteins into the Nudeus: Y. YONEDA, N. IMAMOTO-SONOBE, Y. MATSUOKA, R. IWAMOTO, Y. KIHO, T. UCHIDA Expression of a Calcium-Mobilizing Parathyroid Hormone-Like Peptide in Lactating Mammary Tissue: M. A. THIEDE AND G. A. RODAN
305 First Births in America, reviewed by D. P. HoGAN * Ed School, M. LAZERSON M The Ocan Basins and Margins, D. S. COWAN M Some Other Books of Interest * Books Received 311 True 3-D Graphic Display * Splitter for Dual-Detection SFC * Complement m Single-Well Gamma Counxer Bioreactor Control System * Fast Fourier Transform Software Library * Digital Iging SEM * Literature Board of Directors
Foyd E. Bloom
Shia E. Wkdna
Mary E. Cluer
s
P,,
-
Waler E. Massey
Eugene H. Cota-Robles Mid S. Dr s Joseph G. Gavin, Jr. John H. Gibbons
Beat
Richrd C. Atkion Fhwidibst
A.
Ham
Donald N. A1ngenberg Wiiam T. Goklen
Treasue W. TrdvePi EO.
AM
14 OCrODER 1988
Eel Boar Elieh E. Bile Davld Baffore Wim F. Brkma E. L _Ma Burbld Phlip E. Co Joph L Goddstin F. Clark Howel James D. dol, Jr. Leon
Knopo
Olive E. Ne Heln M. Ran David M. Raup Howard A. S d Lany L Smar R M. Soow James D. Waton
Board of
Reviw&ing
Edito John
Abeton
Qals
AI-Awqa
Don L Anderson Stphen J. Benkovic Floyd E. Bloom Henry R. Boume James J. Bull Chnes R. Carnor Ralph J. Ciern John M. Coin Robert Dodiman Bn F. Edrkdg Paul T. Engkind Thedore H. Geballe Rogr 1. M. Glass
P. Gof 'obert B. Goldberg Corey S. Goodman Sephen
Jack Gomid Stephen J. Gould Rchard M. Held Gloria Hpwner Eric F. Johnson Konrad B. Kausop
Charles S. Levings Ill RhWd Losick Karl L Magleby Phippa Mwrack Joseph B. Marin John C. McGIf Mortir Mishlon Jir NoVotny Gordon H. Ornans
Carl 0. Pabo
Yeshayau Pocker
hae 1. Poer Dennis A. Powers Jean Paul Revel Russell Ross James E. Rotman Daniel V. Sand Ronald H. Schwartz Vernon L Smith Otto
T. SobN
Robert T. N. riian Virginda Trimble Geerat J. Vermefi HarMd Weintraub Irving L Weissman Geor M. Whteldes Owen N. Wifte WNiliam B. Wood
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I6I
i4 OcroaR IS8 VOLUME 243 NuBBIR 4876
SCIENCE
Advances Sdience $wve Wsreders esa ownr for the preesriatlor i rated to th* actnand dbsusicr of htro bum urt of scince, inckoin th p seesriWln of Iorltor onfcing poit of view, rae tan by pbWi fly mala on which a coriw* he be retaied. M6m*igty, *1atils piMshad in %erc-lnolu* a dihai, nieanid "kt cfao wuwba* drisW1 vi vies of th sAhrad riMoul p*t of vibw by the h which anAS or th th aoped e ftns arletd.
Ura
isncJoS).
nd AppNed
WMAw*b b~ser noA LsvyGuer _:! O Ellen 1. IAJr Ma am aep Lobs Schinkhet Mary McD Patrcia L Mos,Bbara E. Pafttso CopW Dak: Jol & Graner Besert SNelds Anna Victoreen. BWbbas Weg Predme_ma: Kumen Schoi COobon A fsdPidot-a On1ogi James Landry _Opliss _rd fte Holy Bishop, Jris J. Olari, Yolanda M. Rook Cewer iWo Grayce RogeW CO
-m
W
WalhF rp
CarreePerd; David Dkwn
__dassa Sad ue Dd RahV dd O- al k Kanouddle wAerub bApeWeo de m_Ragiid Guide ha Uieshwlew Pradiate aro _:sUI Shae & Robert
wDVENmiaIONRWSIAIIVS ODiesler: Eari J. Schdeao TWIG _lmur: Donna a TWIG MWAaW WerV);: Gwen Carte Addverlwek S a M ar Rihd L Charle Spleymed Sl Mu%r: Edward C. Keller Marada Mar-r: _ Hwt L. Burkund Sale: New York, NY 109B J. Kevin Hebry, 1515 Bradway (212-730-1060% Scotch Pli, NJ 07076: C Rchard Cdlls, 12 Unarr Lan (201-894873); Chio, IL 60194: Jack Ryan, S25 W. Hgins Rd. (3124NOB 675)); San Joe, CA 95112: Bob Briniy , 310 S. 16 St. (408-41); Dorset, VT 05251: Fred W. Dielmbch, Kant NiM Rd. ( -66781); Damacs, MD 20872 Rick Somrw, 246 Shrub y HW Ct. (301-972-9270); U.K., Europe: Nick Jones, +44(0547)52918; Teiex 42513; FAX (0647) 52 Idermdentsr _1AlrADr appe on pag Xl of the 30 Septm 16 iue. Editoril corresponde, includ r f permission to rprt and repfint ord *sould be aest to 1333 H Street, NW, W On, DC 20006 Tlh202 284800. c *sould be snt to Tenth Poor, Aertgcor 1515 Bradway. New York, NY 10036 T*phon 212730 1050 or WU Tdex 96062 SCHERAGO, or FAX 212-382 37.
14 ocrOBBR I988
lead
become
inextricably
of
new ways
to
ha
and advances
can
he
e
iig
or quantifying
open up
new
ways
c.
reserch in a variety of ways. New measrements rvel and quantities can be measured more ads to pductvityand in many cas to the ability
afect
thek i
d
a on
to
e
rditial
measu
of vale, howeve,
a
le ones. An especially crital aspect of improved ins ntation is or less qu the abily to catch errors and wrong as may lead qukly. An incorect a Iae file. Modem insumentation ofm albows the to rts that
hidden
prod
one is on
wrong
pah and thus
hve
coss
come
a
that range
fom
scaea~trn mn
the
t
uments
availabe
revolutionized the
such
as
a
bng and
effor
Fourier
ronance,
am r
of these
with
nt
and cmplitie
x-ray,
The
nuclear
and
mass
spe
,
of the
which thy
m
neutron
and
have
varIOUs separaon
light sources,
n-accelerators,
kind
xtnsive
natives
variety of styles, shap, and prices. Cmmerdal instuments tosands to hundreds of thousands of dollas. For many
resonnce
Omutal
from
saves
can be explored with kss some&fids has
Also, more
ive our.
co
One-of-a-
wo
sources, free
elcron
lasers-lie at the other end of the scale. genay ar used to make mentamts that simply ctan be made in any other way. that are stll Betwen these two extrees we have a most intrestng as of laboratory
in
development.
Their impact
deiva in part
fom
tasis in the laboramry of their develper But there is also the ad in thir avaii and sef will become wides
Cwr
IUW STAFF New UANr: Barbara J. Culiton DupatyNewe Uere: Robge Lewin, Coln Norman aeuCafle-eeMsh SN_e: Debrdsh M. Berie _ WSri Booth, Ggory Byns Mark H. C ,wlord Conw o Hden, d A. Kwer, Bot Marshal Jan L. Mrx t Pool. Lode Robets, Marjori Sun, M. Mitchel W p JoIdm
have
entation
in
study,
eniic
sole new
oi
IWr Patrici A. Morga ROD _ _ EMte. Nancy J. Harnagl No, Seale Eiar: eano SW. Rut Kuhfad Asmi dlSer Marth Coleman, FL Bomoks Hanw, Barbwa Jwvy, Katna L Kerr, Edih Meyerda J. lWir, PhI D. Snm, Dd F. Vo Ld _e ia. Chbdne oa Seek S1VkW&: Kdwhi L1ngs^ eo Deborah Fied
p
tng
Instrumntaon
to
PhipH. Abson (E#Vmerbg Bisuman (PhyftsSdece)
and
systemssints for condu
MIILSTAMF
On
progess
discovery of new phenmena can
rpily. Each of
Pekllr Nin W. Triveliec *itAr. Dnil E. Koshard Jr.
kq,q
dentific
S
Instrumentaton
to
psbility
that
d jon the and in the issue fl largely into this category. We preset a field The instumt desbed in selection, from many that might have been chosen, ofsate-of-the-art techniques that have years. the promise of being seen in many labatoes during the next
these ran
Of
al
ilings,
ilable instruments used routinely in many laboratones
Mard, and Bra
(STM)
d
and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ihese thniques werco immediately for tiWr abiiy to provide direct viws of the atomc domain. Surfice detils at dte atomic level nic , and o d atoms ar displayed. Thin conductive metl of grpite, coatings allow viewig of bioloal maerias. The AFM provides a nondesctive view of Fossible filture applications, including dynamic ognic materials that are n. studies, are described. aarke and Koch describ press in SQUID magntometers, which are among the o
most
widely
used
i
hightemperature superconductrs
devis. This is
are
probably
playing a role.
In
the
in which
first
this artide
the
advantps
and
in the appliations of this new technology are dis . resong Gordon, Huang, Pent , and Zare describe capil electrophoresis. power m s ion and the g t sensitivit of dtis new, ratively simple methodology of the analytical mmuniy. make it amost cerin that it will become a , Kai, Cky, and Hoocl descrbe the aea of DNA diagnostics. Finally, Molecular science and the ability to perform automated analyses ae making it possible to undertak the solution of vey large number of important diseae-related problems. Zare, quoting Joshua Lederberg, points out the often unacknowledged role which knowledges that role and shows research. This issue of Sdenc plays that the way in which we are able to carry out our science has a profound impact on the scence that we are abl to do. Advances in irumtation continue to open new hori. -JoHN I. BiAUMAN, Departent of Chemisty, Stanfod University, Stanford, CA 94305 disadvantages
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