The Immune System and Disease

The Immune System and Disease

Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required)

To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2014 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: August 3, 2014

www.ck12.org

C HAPTER

Chapter 1. The Immune System and Disease

1

The Immune System and Disease

Chapter Test Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Multiple Choice Circle the letter of the correct choice. 1. Human pathogens include a. b. c. d.

viruses. bacteria. fungi. all of the above.

2. The body’s second line of defense involves a. b. c. d.

mucus. skin. histamines. cilia.

3. The tonsils are organs of the a. b. c. d.

muscular system. lymphatic system. circulatory system. skeletal system.

4. Which statement about B cells is false? a. b. c. d.

B cells mature in bone marrow. B cells have receptors for specific antigens. Activated B cells produce antibodies. Activated B cells destroy cancer cells.

5. Which cells produce immunity? a. b. c. d.

helper T cells regulatory T cells memory T cells cytotoxic T cells

6. Autoimmune diseases include a. b. c. d.

allergies. multiple sclerosis. HIV/AIDS. measles.

7. HIV disables the immune system by a. destroying helper T cells. 1

www.ck12.org b. stimulating autoimmunity. c. becoming carcinogenic. d. causing opportunistic infections. 8. What is the highest value for the air quality index that is considered “good” in terms of human health? a. b. c. d.

0 50 100 150

9. Warning signs of cancer include a. b. c. d.

a change in bowel or bladder habits. a sore that does not heal. any unusual bleeding or discharge. all of the above.

10. Genes that promote the division of cells with damaged DNA are called a. b. c. d.

tumor-suppressor genes. proto-oncogenes. oncogenes. carcinogenes.

True or False Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. _______ 11. The body’s single most important defense is the skin. _______ 12. The inflammatory response involves B cells and T cells. _______ 13. Phagocytosis is a specific type of defense. _______ 14. The lymphatic system includes the thymus and spleen. _______ 15. Lymphocytes recognize and respond to antibodies. _______ 16. The humoral immune response involves mainly T cells. _______ 17. All immunizations confer passive immunity. _______ 18. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. _______ 19. The chief cause of immunodeficiency in the world today is cancer. _______ 20. All tumors are cancerous and likely to spread. Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence. 21. The general term for disease-causing agent is ____________. 22. The lymphatic system circulates the fluid called ____________. 23. The lymphatic system produces leukocytes known as ____________. 24. Lymphatic cells that mature in the thymus are called ____________. 25. ____________ are Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens. 26. An antigen that causes an allergy is called a(n) ____________. 27. A(n) ____________ disease occurs when the immune system attacks the body’s own cells. 28. The virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is ____________. 2

www.ck12.org

Chapter 1. The Immune System and Disease

29. The leading cause of skin cancer is ____________. 30. The ____________ is an assessment of air pollution in terms of human health. Short Answer Answer each question in the space provided. 31. List the steps that occur in a humoral immune response.

32. Explain how allergies occur, and identify common allergens.

33. What are causes of outdoor and indoor air pollution? How does air pollution affect human health?

3