american History Semester review KEY Fill in the name of each era, along with the characteristics. Use the word bank to match the events.
1. Exploration &
2. American
3. Creating a
Colonization
Revolution
Constitution
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Push + pull factors 3 G’s Focus on gaining land + religious freedom
Events:
Establishment of Jamestown Mayflower Compact
Colonists feel like their rights are being violated war for ind. from Britain
AOC don’t work Meet @ Const. Convention to create new govt. document
Events:
Events:
Characteristics:
Declaration of Independence
Constitutional Convention
Word Bank (Match each of the following events to the correct era) □ Declaration of Independence □ Establishment of Jamestown □ Mayflower Compact □ Constitutional Convention 1. What is the significance of the following dates? 1607: Jamestown (1st permanent English settlement)
1776: Declaration of Independence
1620: Mayflower Compact
1787: U.S. Constitution
2. Put the following events in chronological order (number them 1-6) 2 French and Indian War 1 Mayflower Compact 4 American Revolution
6 Washington elected President 3 Proclamation of 1763 5 Constitutional Convention 1
Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
Unit 1: exploration and Colonization 3. Complete the chart on the 13 colonies and their regions
Region
Characteristics Geography: Rocky soil Harsh climate Natural harbors
New England
Middle ^N
Southern
Economy: Fishing Shipping Lumber
Geography: Moderate climate Good soil (everything is pretty much average)
Economy: Wheat + grain “Bread Basket”
Geography: Fertile soil Warm climate
Economy: Agricultural (cash crops)
Colonial Follow Up Questions 1. Who was the founder of Connecticut? a. William Penn b. Roger Williams c. Thomas Hooker d. John Winthrop 2. Why did Lord Baltimore found Maryland? a. As a haven for Quakers b. As a place where people could establish representative government c. As a colony to make money d. As a haven for Catholics 3. What issues were present in Jamestown? a. Swampy land only about 10% of the colonists survived because of the spread of bacteria and disease
b. Hostile Native Americans c. “Starving time” d. All of the above 4. What is different about each colonial region? Location, geography, economy, population 5. What do all of the colonies have in common? Coastal (Atlantic) location
*Plantation system leads to ↑ in **William Penn creates Pennsylvania as a haven for African-American (slave) Quakers (peaceful people who don’t like war or population slavery) 4. What were the reasons for the following Europeans exploration and colonization of North America? 2 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
England – expand empire France – fur trade Spain – convert Native Americans to Catholicism 5. Define mercantilism. A nation’s power depends on its wealth (MONEY = POWER) 6. What did the colonies provide for England? Raw materials 7. What did England (mother country) provide for the colonies? Manufactured goods 8. Draw a rough diagram or map reflecting the Triangular Trade routes in the box above.
Europe 13 Colonies Africa 9. Complete the chart on the development of colonial self government.
Colonial Governments Why it was Who important? wrote/created it?
Year
Name
What was it?
Virginia House of Burgesses
Legislative body in the Virginia Colony.
1st representative assembly
X
X
Mayflower Compact
Social contract
Self government based on a
Pilgrims
1620
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Document listing the laws to be followed by the Connecticut government
First written Constitution
Thomas Hooker
X
Town Meetings
People in New England met together to discuss politics
Developed selfgovernment
Present in New England colonies
X
10. King George III essentially left the colonists alone to govern themselves during this time. What is this practice called? Salutary neglect colonists develop self government
3 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
Unit 2: American revolution 11. What was the Great Awakening? Religious revival 12. What are 5 major effects of the Great Awakening? 1.
Encouraged equality ( representative government)
2. New religious groups 3. Emphasis on education 4. Challenge authority 5. Colonists become more unified 13. Colonial Grievances – Fill in the missing information in the table. British Action
Colonial Reaction (Overall: Feel like their rights are being violated)
Proclamation of 1763
Mad because they just fought the French & Indian War and now they can’t settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
Taxed colonists to pay off war debt
Upset about “taxation without representation”
Stamp Act
Upset that anything on paper was being taxed
Quartering Act
Angry about British troops being quartered in colonists’ homes
Sugar Act
Frustrated that sugar and other important goods were being taxed without any colonial say Felt like they were being punished for the Boston Tea Party Closed Boston Harbor (major economic issue lose $$$)
Townshend Acts
14. Fill in the missing information on the American Revolution timeline. 1st battles: Lexington
Low Point: Winter at
Turning Point:
Last Battle:
& Concord
Valley Forge
Saratoga
Yorktown
Known as the “shot
heard round the
world”
Miserable winter camp Washington’s leadership is crucial
Force the British to
Colonial victory
Convinces the
surrender *AMERICA WINS!*
French to help the colonists
4 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
15. Fill in the following information about the Treaty of Paris 1783:
Ends the American Revolution
Colonists gain independence from Britain
British recognize American ownership of all territory from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River
16. Complete the chart on the people of the American Revolution.
Name
What he/she did:
Crispus Attucks
Colonist (slave) who died at the Boston Massacre used as propaganda, inspires other people to fight
Sam Adams
Leader of the Sons of Liberty
Marquis de Lafayette
Frenchman who helped the Continental Army during the Revolution
Wentworth Cheswell
James Armistead Haym Solomon John Paul Jones
Made “midnight ride” with Paul Revere First African American to be elected to public office/own property in New Hampshire Slave, double spy for the Continental Army (Armi-stead = ARMY SPY!)
Polish Jew who was a financier of the Revolution.
Hamm holds all the $!
1st American naval hero, “I have not yet begun to fight!”
17. Complete the chart below on the Declaration of Independence.
Declaration of Independence Year Written
1776
Primary Author
Thomas Jefferson
Intended Audience
King George III/British government
Famous Excerpt Inspired by (British philosopher)
“We hold these truths to be self-evident,... that among these rights are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” John Locke (LOCK down your rights or alter/abolish the govt)
5 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
Unit 3: creating a constitution 18. What were the major effects of the Northwest Ordinance? Created a method for creating and admitting new states from newly available territory
19. What was America’s first form of government)? Articles of Confederation 20. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 1. Weak central government 2. Economic issues (no power to tax)
4. Arguments between states 5. Respect from other nations (and no military to defend us)
3. Boundary disputes 21. Complete the chart over the Constitutional Convention.
Year
1787
Location
Philadelphia
Original purpose/plan
Revise the Articles of Confederation
President of the Convention
George Washington
“Father of the Constitution”
James Madison
Virginia Plan + New Jersey Plan =
Solved the issue of state representation
Great Compromise Big states wanted representation based on population
3/5 (Three-Fifths) Compromise
Small states wanted representation to be equal
Compromise: Creates a bicameral (two-house) legislature
House of Representatives: Based on population
Senate: Each state has 2 senators
Southern states want to count slaves
Northern states refuse to count slaves
Compromise: Every 5 slaves counts as 3 free people (slaves count for a portion of representation – 3/5ths of a person)
6 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
22. Put the following events in order (First = #1, Last = #5) 4 Constitution is drafted 1 Battles at Lexington and Concord 5 Bill of Rights added 3 Articles of Confederation are written 2 Declaration of Independence is signed 23. Use the word bank to contrast the ideas of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
1, 2, 5
3, 4,6
Word Bank (You can just write in the #s if you want!): Supported ratification of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton, James Madison Patrick Henry, George Mason Opposed ratification of the Constitution Believed that the Constitution was fine as is Demanded that a Bill of Rights be added
24. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? Who wrote them? Persuade states to ratify the Constitution – Hamilton, Madison, & Jay 25. Complete the chart on the principles of government. Principle Definition Power of the government comes from the people (Popular Sovereignty = PEOPLE REIGN) Popular Sovereignty
Example in the Constitution 9th amendment, people can vote/ petition/express their opinions
State and national governments share power
10th Amendment
Separation of Powers
Each branch (legislative, executive, and judicial) has specific powers (three words = three branches)
The U.S. government is split up into three branches
Checks & Balances
Each branch of government has some control over the others (They check each other’s work)
President must get Congressional approval when making treaties.
Federalism
7 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
26. What did Montesquieu believe in? Separation of Powers (you have to separate his name to spell it) 27. What are unalienable rights? Rights guaranteed to all citizens Examples include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” 28. What is an amendment? Change to the Constitution 29. Why did the Founding Fathers create a process for changing the Constitution? To adjust to the changing needs of society – they knew it would need to be adjusted over time 30. Which group demanding that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution? Anti-Federalists 31. Complete the chart on the Bill of Rights. Amendment Description
Amendment
Description
1
Personal freedoms (RAPPS)
6
Right to speedy & public trial
2
Right to bear arms
7
Right to trial by jury
3
No quartering of troops in private homes
8
4
No unreasonable search & seizure (Have to know 4 to knock on the door)
9
5
Due Process
10
No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail (#8 looks like handcuffs on its side!) Constitutional rights do not deny other rights Federalism (Two #s in 10 two govt. share power)
32. Match the grievance on the left with the solution from the Constitution. Write the letter! Solutions A The King imposed taxes without the consent of the colonists.A. U.S. Constitution provides that all taxes must be approved by the House of Reps and the Senate. D The King made the military superior to the civil government. B. American citizens are allowed to petition the government to express their desire for change. E The King quartered his troops in colonists’ homes. C. The 7th amendment guarantees trial by a jury. B The King refused colonists permission to petition. D. U.S. Constitution provides that the Commanderin-Chief is a civilian – the President C The King deprived some colonists of a trial by jury. E. The 3rd amendment means citizens do not have to quarter soldiers. 33. What 3 ways can you become a U.S. citizen? Naturalization OR born in the U.S. OR parents are citizens 34. List the 5 requirements of becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States. 1. 18 years old 4. Past test and interview 2. Resident of the U.S. for at least 5 yrs. 5. Take Oath of Allegiance 3. Good character, speak English 8 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
Unit 4: early republic Domestic Issues 35. Why was America in debt when Washington became President? American Revolution 36. What is a precedent? Example
Foreign Issues 41. What was Washington’s opinion on foreign alliances? Stay neutral (issues Proclamation of Neutrality)
37. What do we call the president’s group of advisors? Cabinet (precedent set by GW) 38. What did Hamilton want to create in order to stabilize the national economy? National Bank 39. What other issue (hint: rebellion) did Washington have to deal with? Whiskey Rebellion 40. How many terms did Washington serve? 2 terms (precedent set by GW)
Washington’s Farewell Address 42. What two things does Washington warn against in his farewell address? 1. Political parties
2. Foreign alliances
43. Does the country take his advice? Nope
Political Parties Next to each statement write either F for Federalist or DR for Democratic-Republican. 44 F Strong support in New England (mostly merchants, economy depends on business) 45 DR Worried about the growing power of the central government (strict interpretation) 46 DR Based on views of Thomas Jefferson 47 F Believed that strong central government was necessary (loose interpretation) 48 DR Strong support in the South & West (mostly farmers, economy depends on agriculture) 49 F Based on the views of Alexander Hamilton
9 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
Geography review
Northwest Territory
Jamestown
Ohio River Valley
Atlantic Ocean
Label the following:
Atlantic Ocean 13 Colonies Jamestown Ohio River Valley Northwest Territory Appalachian Mountains
Follow Up Questions: 50. What year was Jamestown founded? 1607 – 1st permanent English settlement 51. Why was the Ohio River Valley important? Natural resources (fight F&I War over it) 52. What proclamation made the Appalachian Mountains the Western border for colonists? Proclamation of 1763 – upsets colonists because they fought the F&I War for that land! 10 Use the Quizlet and this review to study for your exam! https://quizlet.com/_10q3m3
