Scientist Research Paper Mr. Portnoy’s Class • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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William Osler Abbott (1902–1943) — co-developed the Miller-Abbott tube Mason Andrews (1919-2006) — delivered America's first in vitro baby; president of the American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society Virginia Apgar (1909–1974) — anesthesiologist who devised the Apgar score used after childbirth William Stewart Agras — feeding behavior Jean Astruc (1684–1766) — wrote one of the first treatises on syphilis Averroës (1126–1198) Avicenna (980–1037) — Persian physician Frederick Banting (1891–1941) — isolated insulin Christiaan Barnard (1922–2001) — performed first heart transplant Charles Best (1899–1978) — assisted in the discovery of insulin Norman Bethune (1890–1939) — developer of battlefield surgical techniques Theodor Billroth (1829–1894) — father of modern abdominal surgery Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) — most noted for his research on the medical condition of shock and the development of the Blalock-Taussig Shunt, surgical relief of the cyanosis from Tetralogy of Fallot—known commonly as the blue baby syndrome—with his assistant Vivien Thomas and pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig Kent D.W. Bream (born 1963) - global health and community medicine pioneer Charaka — Indian physician Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) — pioneering neurologist Guy de Chauliac (1290-1368) — one of the first physicians to have an experimental approach towards medicine; also recorded the Black Death Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) - American neurosurgeon and the father of modern day brain surgery. Charles R. Drew (1904–1950) — blood transfusion pioneer Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959) — important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine. Galen (129 – c. 210) — Roman physician and anatomist Garcia de Orta (1501–1568) — revealed herbal medicines of India, described Cholera Christiaan Eijkman (1858–1930) — pathologist, studied beriberi Pierre Fauchard — father of dentistry Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553) — wrote on syphilis, forerunner of germ theory Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) — founder of psychoanalysis Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (born 1923) — studied Kuru, Nobel prize winner Henry Gray (1827-1861) — English anatomist and surgeon, creator of Gray's Anatomy William Harvey (1578–1657) — English physician, described the circulatory system Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) — physician and anatomist
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Henry Heimlich (born 1920) — inventor of the Heimlich Maneuver and the Vietnam War era Chest Drain Valve Orvan Hess (1906–2002) — fetal heart monitor and first successful use of penicillin John Hunter (1728-1793) — Father of modern surgery, famous for his study of Anatomy Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE) — Greek father of medicine Elliott P. Joslin (1869-1962) — pioneer in the treatment of diabetes Edward Jenner (1749–1823) — English physician popularized vaccination Carl Jung (1875–1961) — Swiss psychiatrist Leo Kanner (1894–1981) — Austrian-American psychiatrist known for work on autism Seymour Kety (1915–2000) — influential American neuroscientist Robert Koch (1843–1910) — formulated Koch's postulates Theodor Kocher — thyroid surgery and first surgeon to win the Nobel Prize Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781–1826) — inventor of the stethoscope Janet Lane-Claypon (1877–1967) — pioneer of epidemiology Thomas Linacre (1460-1524) - founder of Royal College of Physicians Joseph Lister (1827–1912) — pioneer of antiseptic surgery Richard Lower (1631–1691) — studied the lungs and heart, and performed the first blood transfusion Paul Loye (1861–1890) — studied the nervous system and decapitation Amato Lusitano (1511–1568) — discovered venous valves, studied blood circulation Madhav (8th century A.D.) — medical text author and systematizer Maimonides (1135–1204) Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) — Italian anatomist, pioneer in histology Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951) — studied muscle metabolism (Nobel prize) George Richards Minot (1885–1950) — Nobel prize for his study of anemia Charles Horace Mayo (1865–1939) — co-founder, Mayo Clinic William James Mayo (1861–1939) — co-founder, Mayo Clinic William Worrall Mayo (1819–1911) — co-founder, Mayo Clinic Frederic E. Mohs (1910-2002) — responsible for the method of surgery now called Mohs surgery Richard Morton (1637–1698) — identified tubercles in consumption (phthisis) of lungs; basis for modern name tuberculosis Egas Moniz (1874–1955) — developed Lobotomy and brain artery angiography. William McBride — discovered teratogenicity of thalidomide Herbert Needleman — scientifically established link between lead poisoning and neurological damage; key figure in successful efforts to limit lead exposure Charles Jean Henri Nicolle (1866–1936) — microbiologist who won Nobel prize for work on typhus Gary Onik — inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostate and the liver William Osler (1849–1919) — called the "father of modern medicine"
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Ralph Paffenbarger — conducted classic studies demonstrating conclusively that active people reduce their risk of heart disease and live longer Paracelsus (1493–1541) Ambroise Paré (1510–1590) — advanced surgical wound treatment Wilder Penfield (1891–1976) — pioneer in neurology Joseph Ransohoff (1915–2001) — neurosurgeon who invented the modern technique for removing brain tumors Sir William Refshauge (1913-2009) — renowned Australian public health administrator Rhazes (c. 854 – 925) (Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi) Jonas Salk (1914–1995) — developed a vaccine for polio Lall Sawh (born 1951) — Trinidadian surgeon/urologist and pioneer of kidney transplantation in the Caribbean Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865) — a pioneer of avoiding cross-infection — introduced hand washing and instrument cleaning John Snow (1813–1858) — anaesthetist and pioneer epidemiologist who studied cholera Andrew Taylor Still (1828-1917) — father of osteopathic medicine Susruta (c. 500 BCE) — Indian physician and pioneering surgeon Thomas Sydenham (1642–1689) — clinician James Mourilyan Tanner (born 1920) — developed Tanner stages and advanced auxology Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986) — founded field of pediatric cardiology, worked to prevent thalidomide marketing in the US Carlo Urbani (1956–2003) — discovered, and died from, SARS Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) — Belgian anatomist, often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy Vidus Vidius (1508–1569) — first professor of medicine at the College Royal and author of medical texts Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) — German pathologist, founder of fields of comparative pathology, cellular pathology Carl Warburg (1805-1892) — German/British physician and clinical pharmacologist, inventor of Warburg's Tincture a famed antipyretic and antimalarial medicine of the Victorian era. Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881–1963) — devised the Whipple procedure in 1935 for treatment of pancreatic cancer Priscilla White — developed classification of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy to assess and reduce the risk of miscarriage, birth defect, stillbirth, and maternal death Carl Wood — in vitro fertilization Ole Wormius (1588–1654) — pioneer in embryology Sir Magdi Yacoub (born 1935) — one of the leading developers of the techniques of heart and heart-lung transplantation Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — first physician in space (1964) Julian Tudor Hart (1927-) — Inverse care law (1971)
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Juan Gérvas (1948-) — Spanish general practitioner, teacher and researcher in primary care and public health How should my research paper look when it is done? (Stapled in this order)
Page I-Cover Sheet-5 points 1. The heading is in the upper, right hand comer. 2. A picture or a drawing is in the center of the page. 3. The title of the paper is at the bottom if the page, below the picture, in large bold print. Page 2- The Body-30 points 1. Paragraph 1 a. Where was he born? b. When did he die? c. What kind of education did he have? d. What awards (if any) did he/she receive? 2. Paragraph 2 a. What were his achievements? Why was the scientist important? b. What kind of scientist was he? Oceanography? Biologist? 3. Paragraph 3 a. What would your life be like if your scientist had not done what he did? (At least 5 sentences). This paragraph requires you to think about what you have learned. **Please remember that a paragraph is at least 4 sentences long. ** Page 3-Bibliography-5 points 1. This is a list of ALL the web sites, books, encyclopedias etc. that you received information from. This does not include the search engines that you used such as Yahoo, Google and Yahooligans. The web site can be found at the bottom of each printout. Page 4-PrintoutslRough draft-5 points 1. All of the printouts that you received should be added to the end of your paper. a. Your rough draft should be included here. b. Vocabulary List Page 5-Glossary-5 points 1. The glossary is a list of words from your printouts that you do not understand. 2. You are to make a list of at least 10 words, look them up and reread your printouts. Bonus Points 1. Drawing-up to 5 points 2. Typing-up to 10 points (Done by you, not Mom or older sister) 2. Turning in early-up to 5 points Note: This paper should be an example of your best work!
