ocean). - Rain is naturally slightly acidic because of the reaction of CO2 and H2O: H2O+ CO2 â H2CO3. - Acid rain: rain containing sulfuric acid or ...
Review Notes: Ch. 11 Carbon on the Move Law of Conservation of Matter - Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change its form Universal Indicator (UI) and Bromothymol Blue (BTB) measure the acidity of a substance. - High acidity is an indicator of high/increased carbon dioxide (CO2) Exsolving – a substance like CO2(aq) coming OUT of solution CO2(g) Dissolving – a substance mixing/combining with a liquid Big Ideas - When CO2 is dissolved in the seltzer (fizzy water), it is aqueous (aq) - When CO2 is no longer “dissolved”, it is a gas (g) CO2 (aq) à CO2 (g) - Cold gases dissolve better (more soluble) than warm gases - So the warmer the ocean, the less CO2 the ocean will take in! The faster the carbon moves from the hydrosphere to the atmosphere. - H2CO3(aq) à H2O(l) + CO2(g) - What would happen if all Carbon stayed solid and didn’t percolate into soil? - Chemical weathering: breakdown of rock, by acid, into different molecules (happens in land and in ocean). - Rain is naturally slightly acidic because of the reaction of CO2 and H2O: H2O + CO2 à H2CO3 - Acid rain: rain containing sulfuric acid or nitric acid. o Man-made sources make rain more acidic by the reaction of SO2 and NO2 with water o SO2 (g) is released by burning of coal o NO2 (g) is released by the burning of gas (cars, factories) - ALL states have pollution problems - States with CaCO3 (limestone) in soil aren’t as affected because it reacts with the acid and neutralizes it! - CaCO3 + Acid à CO2 + H2O + ok ions - Combustion of hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide CO2 and water vapor H2O(g) - Burning of fossil fuels increase the concentration of carbon and increases the temperature on earth Characterizing Carbon Labs Characterizing Carbon 1 - Seltzer (carbonic acid H2CO3) water over time (with UI) turned from Red to Yellow/Green. - Why? The carbon dioxide in the seltzer water exsolved reducing the acidity (less CO2). - Model? Earth’s hydrosphere interacting with the atmosphere “exsolving” carbon dioxide. - H2CO3(aq) à H2O(l) + CO2(g) Characterizing Carbon 2 - Dry ice turned water (with BTB) from blue to yellow. - Why? The carbon dioxide (CO2(s)) in the dry ice dissolved into the water (CO2(aq)) increasing the amount of carbon and acidity of the water. - Model? Earth’s hydrosphere interacting with the atmosphere, carbon leaving the atmosphere entering the ocean. H2O(l) + CO2(aq) à H2CO3(aq)
Carbon Changing Forms Labs Station 1: CO2 Solubility: Cold gases dissolve better (more soluble) than warm gases Station 2: Carbon Percolation: Carbon leaches from the soil to rivers and streams Station 3: Acid Weathering of Rock: Ions from the limestone dissolve and flow into rivers Station 4: Limestone Metamorphism Station 5: Making Limestone: CaCO3 (limestone) forms in warm, shallow seas Station 6: Photosynthesis: Most of the carbon comes from the atmosphere in the form of gas CO2 Station 7: Decay: Produce methane and carbon dioxide, which can increase acidity of the oceans and warm the climate C6H12O6 à 3CH4 + 3CO2 + energy Station 8: Respiration: Most of the carbon from glucose (C6H12O6) goes to the atmosphere Photosynthesis Big Ideas - Plants make their own food in the form of Sugar/glucose (C6H12O6). - Plants make their OWN food from CO2 & H2O using the energy from sun light NOT from the soil. - 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (sun) à C6H12O6 + 6O2 Respiration - Aerobic: C6H12O6 + 6O2 + energy à 6CO2 + 6H2O Carbon Reservoirs & Flux - Carbon enters and exits its main reservoirs o atmospheric, terrestrial/lithosphere, oceanic/hydrosphere, biosphere - The amount that enters/exits a reservoir is called the Carbon flux o As polar ocean temps increase the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere increases - A carbon source is a reservoir that gives off more carbon than it stores - A carbon sink is a reservoir that stores more carbon than it gives off - Active & Inactive reservoirs o Inactive = stored carbon Active = movement of carbon Carbon Sinks - Deep Ocean: carbonate ions and dissolved CO2 eventually become part of the sea floor o Oceans store most of the carbon as H2CO3 (Carbonic acid/Hydrogen bicarbonate) - Fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas are all remains of decomposed organisms - Plants/soil: turn CO2 gas into solid C (sugar) and decomposed matter Carbon Sources - Respiration by organisms: gives off CO2, CH4 - Chemical Weathering of rock: gives off carbonate - Burning of fossil fuels: gives off CO2 - Deforestation by burning: gives off CO2 We are turning natural carbon sinks into sources! Key Chemicals Name Glucose Hydrogen bicarbonate Carbonic acid
Reactions: Reactant à Product Formula Name C6H12O6 Carbonate HCO3 Calcium Carbonate H2CO3 Methane
