COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
r
i
BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS.
:4
RECORDS. 1958/61.
RECORDS
IN'fl;RI1L REPORT ON THE GROUND_ WATER .' .. ~SOURCES
.
. . . ... .
- -
_.
OF CABBAGE 9JJ1.LBASIN, TENNAl'fI _.
.
CREEK, NORTHERN
-
TEP~ITORY
by
J. Hays.
.
-'
-
~
.
INTERIM REPORT ON THE GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF CABBAGE GUM BASIN, TENNANT CREEK, NORTHERN TERR!TORX by J. Hays
.RECORDS 1958161. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION
1
DRILLING RESULTS
1
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
2
REC OlVIMENDAT IONS
2
APPENDIX:
Logs of bore holes at Cabbage Gum Basin 3 PLATES
PLATE 1
Sub-surface Geological Map (Below desert sand), Cabbage Gum Basin, Tennant Creek, N.T. Scale: 1 inch = ! mile.
PLATE 2
Diagrammatic Sections through Wells and Bores, Cabbage Gum Baiin.
PLATE 3
Estimated Sub-laterite Contours of Granitic Gneiss, Cabbage Gum Basin. Scale: 1 inch = *" mile.
PLATE
•
4
Postulated Hydrological/Geological Section north-south through Oabbage Gum Basin •
INTERIM, REPORT ON THE GROUNDWATER RESOUR....Q!.§. QF CABBf1GE GUM B1I.SIN. TENNANT CREEK. N:..!. INTgODUCTION Drilling st?rted on 24th April, 1958, and 23 holes were drilled in a resistivity programme which had been worked out in the Geophysical Section of the Bureau of Mineral Resources to conform, as far as possible, with 'the requirements of the : Director of water Use~ Included in'the total Were holes drilled at Ghans bore (2 miles south of Tennant Creek) and Cabbage Gum. r bore for comparison purposes, and hoJ,es north of number 10 well t' south of number 9 well, and north and west of number 12 well, ", for exploration. Most of the holes were ~,inches in 'diameter ,. but number l3a was reamed out to ~ inches ~nd h$W holes 7 inch~~ in diameter were drilled at lOb ~ 9N arid MM2. Drilling ceased :r on 28th May, 1958. Geologidal logs of the bore holes are .~ attached as an appendix_ The positions of the bbres and wells :' are shown on Plate 1, Previous information about the wells is contained in the Preliminary Report on the Ground Water Resource~ of Cabba8e Gum BaSin, Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, by J. Hays lBureau of Mineral Resources Records 1958/21). "
H
Because the Falling 750 drilling rig was not equipped with a test pump, it was impossible to ascertain the yield or the range of salinity in any borehole until the Director of M1,nes supplied a 3 inch Pomona pump to use at the reamed out number 13a bore~ The single-tube core barrel was unsuitable for coring in soft formations, and very little core of the main aquifers was obtained. Core specimens have ~een forwarded to Canberra for porosity and permeability tests. DRILLING RESULTS The drilling outlined a small basin of presumed Tertiary interbedded sandstone, conglomerate, and shale between Cabbage Gum bore, number 13 well and number 6 well, as indicated in the geological map (Plate 1) and sections (plate 2) This basin appears to be the source of the fresh water tapped by the wells~ The sediments were deposited upon the matn ferruginous zone of'a laterite profile during an interruption of the process of lateritisation. Resumption of' the process resulted in partial lateritisation of these later sediments. Siliceous sinter was formed at a later date. It is possible that the main ferruginous zone acts as an aquifer. Beneath this are the mottled and pallid zones of lateritisation developed within both ferruginised gneiss and clay of unknown age and origin; the whole group acts as a partial aquiclude. It is not certain whether the clay is lateritised Warramunga Group slate or a post-Warramunga deposit. The partial ?quicludc grades downwards into a zone of decomposed rock. Where this decomposed zone occurs in gneiss, it is an excellent aquifer. This has been named the lower aquifer. It is wholly in gneiss at 13a bore, where the thicknGs~ is 90 feet, at 9N bore, where the thickness is 40 feet, and at ~ MMl bore, where the thickness is 51 feet. The zone appears to have a gentle slope (10 feet per mile) and a slight increase in thickness from north-east to south-west. Contours of the top of the gneiSS are shown on plate 3, but there are insufficient data for contours of the decomposed zone to be plotted. The four large-diameter holes were drilled to test the lower aquifer. The test at 13a bore showed no change in salinity (approximately 800 p.p.'m.) during a 36 hour pump test. The yield was greater than the maximum capacity of the pump (2250 g'-p. h.) even when number 13 well, 40 feet mvay, was pumped dry by a separate pump. Tests at 9N bore and lOb bore have not yet been completed. M1W2 bore had to be abandoned at 82 feet because of the hardness of the ferruginous cap on the gneiss and lack of time.
If the pump~ng tests at lOb and 9N bores indicate fresh water in the lower Elquifer, it would [lppear thst there is a zone of fresh water on the northern, steeper flank of the Ccbbage Gum Basin. BecEluse of the salinity of the wcter in Cabbage Gum bore salt water is expected to occur on the southern flank. The hydrological - geological north-south section is illustrated in plate 4. GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS "
The drilling programme was su') ject to amendment as geophySical investigation proceeded. In feet, owing to adverse working conditions, the resistivity wl' rk was slower than drilling. Every electrode had to be watered with salt water in order to obtain good contacts. Traversing was so slow that the Chief Geophysicist ordered all work to be concentrated on depth probes. The necessity for this decision was regrettableo The area between numbers 1, 11 Elnd 12 wells had been covered in some detail and preliminary results indicated agreement with geological interpretation. Had rapid traversing beon possible it is feasiblo that the accuracy of the geological map of the area would have been improved. Geophysical complications make depth probes in the sedimentary area of doubtful value. The simplicity of structure in the gneiss areas is such that the decomposed layer could be located with reasonable accuracy, although it is unlikaly that 'he salt water/fresh water interface (if present) could be detected. RECOMMENDATIONS Should it be possible to obtain the Failing 750 for a short period at a lete~ date, efforts should be made to ascertain the limits that the gneiss extends for several miles east and west. , Perry's number 1 and number 2 bores, 12 miles west of Cabbage Gum bore, are thought to be in gneiSS, and outcrops are known east of the area (south of the Eldorado Mine). The northern limit of the gneiss is unknown but could be a well defined east-trending fault 3 miles north of the Cabbage Gum bore. The location of the northern limit is more important than that of the eastern and western limits. Some drilling must be done to locate the boundary of the salt water, thought m approximate to the line of the track going west from Cabbage Gum bore. Drilling must be followed by test pumping and provision should be made for a suitable pump to be on hand before drilling starts. Pending arrangements for this drilling programme, it is suggested that efforts be made to ascertc,in salinity by pumping all existing bores with an air lift pump Varintions in salinity should be observed during [1 24 hour pump test. If salt water be found, in Elny hole, th[d~ hole should be cemented for 10 feet and tested again. The process should continue until the salt water has been sealed off. During 811 pumping tests, levels should be measured at adjacent observation holes to obtnin data for computing the characteristics of the aquifers concerned. For that reason priority should be given to the bores Elt number 13, number 10, number 9, Elnd number 5 wells, all of which hove , adequate observation points. 0
The importance of locating seltw8ter, whose presence is indicated by the high salinity of the Cabbage Gum bore, cannot be overstressed. Until more is known about the salt water distribution, optimum sites for boreholes cannot be selected, and freedom from salt wElter interference cannot be guaranteed.
APPENDIX LOGS OF BOREHOLES AT CABBAGE GUM BAS IN BOREHOLE
40 FEET
~~OM
NO.
1 vVELL
10 BORE .'
From
To
rnr
(ft)
0 10 28 42 50
10 28 42 50 53
53 58 59 64 75
58 59 64 75 79
79
82
Red sondy soil grading into travertine. Travertine in ferruginous zone of lateritization. Ferruginous zone of lateritisation. Silicified and ferruginised shales. Coring in fine-grained Silicified quartz-sericite schist - 3' core - mostly small fragments vertical foliation. As 50'-53' - not coring. r Softer band. Hnrde r band. Alternating hard and soft bonds. More ferruginous than 50'-75', could be ferruginised gneiss. Feldspar and opalescent quartz in cuttings - some fragments of gneiSS (red gneiss of No. 13 well). BOREHOLE
From
IITI
40 FEET FROM 4a BORE
NO.
4 WELL
To ( ft)
0 11 15
11 15 35
35 55
55 80
BO 95
95 147
Red sandy soil - gritty at base. Ferruginous zone of lateritisation poorly devcloped o Mottled and pallid zono in siliceous sinter and sandy beds. Ferruginous zone of lateritisation. Mottled and pallid zones in breccia and mudstone, 55'-60' Green-red clay. 60'-65' Grey-white sinter with ferruginous material. 65'-BO' Kaolinised breccia and mudstone. Decomposed mudstone - grey-white clay with somo snnd. Decomposed gneiss - feldspar and opalescent quartz in cuttings. Kaolinised band at 125 feet. BOREHOLE
40 FEET FROM NO. 5 WELL 58 BORE
From
r:m ..
To
(R)
0 11
11 25
25 44
44
83 99
99 179
B~
Red sandy soil. May be incomplete ferruginous or mottled zone of lateritisation or complete ferruginous zone with later sinter • Ferruginous zone. Mottled zone in sandy and clayey beds with some s int ere Breccia from 65' to 80'. White-yellow clay. Brown-yellow clay. Vein quartz band at 102', loss of circulation at lOB'.
BOREHOLE 80 FEET FROM NO. 5 WELL 5b BORE From
rn:I o
10 25 45 11 63 '6 64'6" 69 74 79
To
(f"t)
10 Red sandy soil. 25 Siliceous sinter in ferruginous zone. 45 Ferruginous zone. 63' 6" Mottled zone - breccia fragments at 63'. 64' 6" Silicified breccia - 1 foot of core - broken. 69 Very siliceous, breccia fragments. 74 Becomes less siliceous. 79 Mostly clay with very little breccia. 85 Lighter clay - no breccia fragments - loss of circulation. BOREHOLE 40 FEET FROM No.6 WELL 6a BORE
From
To
m:r
(R)
0 10 20 30 40
10 20 30 40 80
80 82
82
84
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone with sinter. May be mottled zone or extension of ferruginous zone. Ferruginous zone. Pallid zone - possibly in gneiss - small grains of opalescent quartz in cuttings. Very hard grey-green silicified mudstone. Silicified fault breccia - core recovery 2'. BOREHOLE 40 FEET FROM NO. 9 WELL 9a BORE
From
rID: 0 10
20 30 36 43 53.5
64 70 74 80 90 94
From
To
(H)
Red sandy soil. Pale ferruginous zone and mottled zone in shale and sandstone - l' 3" core recovery - horizont'al dip. Shale and sandstone from mottled zone, 3' core. 30 As 20'-30', 2' core. 36 As 20'-30' with pebbly bands, 2' core. 43 ._ 53.5 As 36'-43', no core. Ferruginous zone nbove "vein breccia" which grades 64 down into brecciated mudstone (after 70') and thence into mudstone, 2' core. The breccia may represent a regolith on a rich laterite surface. Mottled zone in "breccia", 3' core. 70 74 ' Brecciated mudstone in mottled and pallid zone, 4' core. 80 Clay with some ferruginous material. Soft white clay. 90 Hardens into quartz-serici te schist, 9" core. 94 Quartz-sericite schist - hard drilling. 136 BOREHOLE 80 FEET FROM NO. 9 WELL 9b BORE To 10 20
rID:
(ft')
0 10 15 37 39 59 69
10 15 37 39 59 69 95
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone and sinter. Mottled zone in sandstone and shale. Conglomerate band. Mottled and pallid zone in sandstone. Ferruginous zone with "vein breccia" in conglomerate. Kaolinised shales with sinter.
.5gO~H..Q1E
120.r:§ET .fROM NO. 9 WELL
2g_ BORE From
r1TI 0 10 15 37 39 59 69
To t!D~ 10 15 37 '"79 ,.,'
59 69 74
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zono and sinter. Mottled zone in sandstone. and shElle. Mottled zone in conglomerate band. Mottled zone in sandstone and shale. Ferruginous zone ebove i'vein breccia". Shale - kaolinised. BOREHO~E
AT PEG 56 9 :l MILE SOUTH OF NO. 9 WELL f~G
From
rnI 0 7
15 30 33 35
56 BORE
To (ft) 7
15 3 1.";
33 35 36
Red sandy soil. F~rruginous zone. Mottled aud pallid zones wi th sinter. Ferruginous zone. Very hard drilling in c ryst8lline quartz. 1 ft. of broken core - silicified fault rock or :arge mass of o~alescent quartz - hole stopped because of slow drilling. BOREHOLE 4000 FEET SOUTH....QF NO. 9 WELL 9S BORE
From
ITIT
0' 11. 5 26 31. 5 40 48 60 68 69 76 90 115
To ( ftl ll. 5 Red sandy soil. Ferruginous and mottled zone and sinter. 3105 Clay from ferruginous, mottled, and pallid zones. 4) Sandy clay. L;3 F3rruginous zone. (:) Mottled zone - mostly clay. E: 3 Fr'agments 01' "breccia" ~ s·) Whi.te claYG ~ ;l Sinter (pallid zone). ?) Ferruginous zone grading into mottled zone. 1"0= Mottled and pallid zones. ., .. 1.--' KaoJ.i.nised shales becoming hard and siliCified • . .. r ' "" ~':J
~~.
BOREHOh~
tiOOO FEET NORTH OF NO. 9 VfflLL 9N BORE
From
un
'10
@l
0
7 17 47 54 70 75 83 93
l~
451:.
70
:5 c3
93
95
95 108
108 117 120 135
117 120 135 148
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous and mottled zone. Siliceous Sinter or pallid zone. Less siliceous - more sand and clay. Sandy clay. Very sandy clay. Mostly white-grey clay. Sandy clay with mudstone fragments. Sandy and ferruginous clDY. Gneiss? - opalescent quartz? biotite and kaolinised feldsparo Micaceous clay" Harder drilling - sandy. Decomposed gneiss" Grades into hard gneiss.
par~ially
6. !3QREHOJ11i btO FEET FROM NO. 10 WELL lOa BORE . From
r:t1J: o
10 15 25 50 57 90 110 115 120 184 184.5
To
(ft')
Red sandy soil. Siliceous sinter. Ferruginous zone. Mottled and pallid zones in assorted sand, clay, and conglomerate bands4 Ferruginous zone. 57 Mottled and pallid zones in clay which becomes 90 yellow-green. Whi te sandy band. 110 Yellow-green clay. 115 120 Deeper yellow colour with red and green patches may be result of decomposition of dolerite. 184 Yellow green clay. 184.5 Dolerite. 18B.5.~01erite - 8 ins. of core. 10 15 25 50
I
BOREHOLE 80 FEET FROM NO. 10 WELL lOb BORE From
15 25
To ( ft) "..10 15 25 50
50 57 90 120 158
57 90 120 158 168
rnl 0 ~ IO
Red sandy soil. Siliceous sinter. Ferruginous zone. Mottled and pallid zones in sand, clay, and conglomerate bands. Ferruginous zone e Mottled and pallid zones in yellow clay. Sandy clayc Easy drilling in sandy beds or decomposed gneiss. Hardens into gneiss - feldspar, mica and opalescent quartz in cuttings~ BOREHOLE 2500 FEET NORTH OF NO. 10
y~LL
ION BORE From
:em
To (ft)
0 5 20 50 60 80 85
20 50 60 80 85 145
145
152
r-
../
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone with sinter or with mottled zone. Ferruginous zone grading into mottled zone. Mottled zonc. Green clay with fragments of dolerite(?). Grades into yellow clay as in lOa bore. Vein quartz chips in clay. Clay gradually decreases and is replaced by tiny fragments of slatc orphylliteo Hard drilling - vein quartz and dark grey phyllite (n silicified schist) fragments in cuttings. BOREHOLE 2500. FEET YVEST OF NO. 12 WELL 12W BORE
From
To
r!IT
(1f)
0 8 15
8 15 32
32
36
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone with sinter. Silicified ferruginous zone grading into pallid zone. Grades into ferruginised gneiss- feldspar and opalescent quartz in cuttings.
7~
BOREHOLE 2500 FEET NORTH OF NO. 12 WELL 12N BORE From
I:ffi
To (ft)
0 6 15 25
6 15 25 47
47 48 60 120
48 60 120 140
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone. Ferruginous zone with sinter or mottled zone. Mottled and pallid zones in slate or silicified shale. Breccia (fault), 1 foot of core. "Vein breccia" or same breccia as 47'-48'. Light brown clay. Silty clay with chips of slate and mudstone. ~HOLE
40
J:i~E'r
FROM NO. 13 vVELL
13a BORE From
To
Iffi
Crt)
0 10 2tl 59 95.5 126.5 188 189
10 20 59 95.5 126.5 188 189 189.5
Red sondy soil. Ferruginous zone with sinter. Mottled and pallid zones in gneiss. Hard ferruginised granitic gneiss. Softer, less ferruginous gneiss. ~oss of circulation - very easy drilling in gneiss. Jarder drilling. Gneiss - biotite rich - vertical foliation, 6" oore. STJ\NDJ\RD HOLE NEAR GHi\NS BORE, 2 MILES SOUTH OF TENNJ\NT CREEK.
From
rm· 0
To
(R)
5 25
5 25 50
50 65
65 106
106 115 118 160
115 118 160 164
Sandy soil. Ferruginous zone. Mottled and pallid zones in Warramunga Group slate and shale, altering to soft clay. Clay with jasperite cuttings. White - grey clay. Complete loss of circulation at 100'. Jasperite chips in clay. Fine cuttings of grey-green kaolinised shales. No cuttings - very fine red silt or silty sand. Much harder drilling. BOREHOLE 150 FEET WEST OF C./\BBAGE GUM BORE C.G.We BORE
From
rnI 0 10 15
3C 35 60 65 74 79 98 1~0 1 0 168.5
To ( ft) 10 15 30
Sand. Quartz rubble on ferruginous zone of lateritisation. Mottled and pallid zones or sinter in ferruginous zone. Ferruginous zone. 35 68 Mottled and pallid zones in arenaceous material. 68 "Vein breccia". Decomposed and kaolinised gneiss. 74 Kao1inised gneiss, 4' core recoVery. 79 Coarse chips of red gneiss. 98 Finer grained - mainly quartz and feldspar with sand. 140 160 Finer gral.ned - with inc reasing bioti teo 168.5 Finer grained - abundant biotite. Coring - vertical foliation in gneiss, 6" core 169 recovery.
6. BOREHOLE
600
It'EET NORTH-EAST OF CABBJ\GE GUM BORE C e GeE. BORE
From
ITll 0 5
22
To
Cft) 5
22
33 48 68 80 98 100
33 48 68 ,so 98 100 ]05
105 148 150 154 184 194
148 150 154 184 194 195
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous 'zone. Mottled zone. Ferruginous zone. Mottled zone - "vein breccia" may occur at 64'. Pallid zone - sinter with harder band at 73'. May bo "vein brecc ia" - softer band at 96'. Siliceous band. Ferruginous band - may be conglomerate or surface of gneiss. Sandy clay - may be kaolinised gneiss. Opalescent quartz and feldspar, ? gneiss. Abundant biotite in gneiss. Less biotite in gneiss. Easy drilling in gneiss. Hard drilling in gneiss. NO. 1 BO,EEHOLE ON LINE M1\1
MMl BORE From
rID
(1£) ft
0 10
10 35
35
45
45 55 80 85 136 137
55 80 85 136 137 158
Ferruginous zone with some sandy soil above it. Mottled zone of lateritisation in siliceous sinter and sandy beds. Ferruginous zone or ferruginised cap on granitic gneiss. Mottled zone in gneiss. Pallid zone in gneiss. Moderately hard decomposed gneiss. Finer grained and much easier drilling than 80'-85'. Very hard - no core. Recognisable fragments of gneiss with opalescent quartz, mica, and feldspar. NO. 2 BQ!ili.HOLE ON LINE !VIM MM2 BORE
rn:r
From
To i.ftl
0 3 10 30 33
3 10 30 33 46
46
70
Red sandy soil. Ferruginous zone. Mottled and pallid zones grading into ferruginous zona Ferruginous zone. Ferruginous zone or ferruginised cap on gneiss recognisable gneiss cuttings. Mottled and pallid zones or weathered zone in gneiss becoming harder at 70'.
PLATE
5UB- SURFACE GEOLOGICAL MAP (BELOW DESERT SAND) BASIN, TENNANT CREEK , N.T.
CABBAGE GUM
SCALE
++++++++
B+
++++++++++-++-++++-++-+-
+ +
+ + + ;-
+
.,. + + + +~ ---
+ ... )".....---
+
---
+~--±......±...
..L.-i:...c-+--!
~ +-
'-
+-
-
+-
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- ---*. -±.. -.:L .:!:-.
+
+
+
~
+
+-
+-
+-
~
+-
...
.,.
...
+-+-;-+++~++t+++
+++-++-++-+++++++
--______
+
...
G..::?O
;-
+ + .,.
---..;~
.,. ... .,. / ... + ... / +
T
I I
+
+ +...
+
+-
·9N
... (.
+ ... + + + ... +
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I
+
+
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-+
+
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+
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5b
+-
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0
+ \
+
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+ \
ION
++-++++"
++-
+
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+ + +- + + .,. + ...... + + ...
+
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.... T
T
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r.
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-------; :----------:--;--:---:---; / 2
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and
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of
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81
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Sondsl-ones }' Cor>glornc: -o,"~.s
+
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+ +
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REFERENCE
A
0/
9 Well
\
13;
--- ---
1
.j
9b
9c
+''-,/3 lVejY./
+
..
I'
Sa.
--
+
+ +
./ + +
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\
... -~_
+
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.l +
/
j.
+'\
T(:")t,.--,.-"' ..... 4:.. ... + + '1" /2 /Veil - - - - - - _
...
.A./ ,,-/z.o.l
/
~"'"
...
+
+ +
/.
++++-t+.\
+ +
T ...
+tT++++++-+
O+ a +N +
""":'--.-
//.
+-"'-
+
.\ t ., .,.
//.
+++++++++++-+-"'. +
T
51Ve
.. \
+
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+
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+-
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Sa
+
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+
+
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.,.
T
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+ +
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Kes/denf
Dureou Da,~~v/n
Ge%s;sfs Office ReSOl.irCeS, A/ T June, /958
of- ;t/'-nerol
DIAGRAM MAT IC
SECTIONS
CABBAGE
GUM
PLATE 2
WELLS AND BORES
BASIN, TENNANT CREEK, N,T, HO"-IZuNTAL t
REFERENCE
SCALE
.1 O~~~~~~~4__________~"~L~~~~~~4~___________1 ~I~E !.
C'
C
SOUTH
40
3 We!!
? ,
Sa
'5E:JiIJENTS AND'SINTER FORMED 'L4TE' IIV 'LATER!TE' PER>OO, , ,
"
8'
NORTH
C Gf'V
o
THROUGH
B NORTH
SOUTH
Go
9S
9N
o
M
?
~
Fe
LSo
AGE AN.)
ORIGiN
+
p
----
+
~ ~ __~ F.;. ~ _ _+- ---2~-
T Fe....
--~---,c-
+
+
T'
+
+
+-
+
+
+-
+
+
+
+-
t
+-
+
T
+
+
___
+
+-
+
+
+
+
+-
+
+
+ +-
+-
+
+
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+
+
++
+-
+-
+~
+
+
Fe
+
~
..
+
+
+
+
+
1'"
+-
+
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+
+
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+ +
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+
+
t
+
+
+
t
+
+
+
+ +-
+ +-
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t
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Geologlsfs Ol'hce MineraI Resources
N T
J:"'ne 1358
ESTIMATED
CABBAGE
GUM
BASIN - TENNANT CREEK, N.T.
SCALE
roO.,--
--
--
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PLATE 3
SUB-LATERITE CONTOURS OF GRANITIC GNEISS
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~-~--~---------------.,
PLATE 4 POSTULATED HYDROLOGICALI GEOLOGICAL SECTION GUM
CABBAGE
BASIN,
TENNANT CREEK, NT
HORIZONTAl.... SeAL.Eo
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EXAGGERATION'
VER.TICA~
=
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Jv.-,e, /958
