Quiz
Chapter
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Beneficiaries of the putting-out system included A) traditional artisans. B) area merchants. C) farmers. D) B and C. E) all of the above.
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2) The breakdown of the family work system may have had a liberating effect on A) Wage slaves. B) Farm women and children. C) Apprentices. D) Free African Americans. E) Irish immigrants.
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3) The unsettling demands of the new industrial order forced changes in middle-class family life that resulted in A) The broadening of the "woman's sphere" beyond the household. B) Fewer children in the average household. C) Increased male participation in the lives of children. D) Less time for the traditional nurturing role for the wife/mother. E) A less cooperative relationship between husband and wife in making household decisions.
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4) Which of the following has the LEAST in common with the other four? A) William Almy. B) Industrial spying. C) Slater's Mill. D) Moses Brown. E) Interchangeable parts.
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5) Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by A) Middle class reformers. B) Rural women workers. C) Apprentices. D) Socialists. E) Irish immigrants.
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6) When women workers refused to work after dark and petitioned their legislature, this state became the first to pass a ten-hour-day law: A) New York. B) Massachusetts. C) Pennsylvania. D) Maine. E) New Hampshire.
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7) If you lived in Boston or Philadelphia from 1790-1807 and had accumulated tremendous amounts of capital, it was probably from A) Real estate. B) Textile mills. C) International shipping. D) Mining. E) Commercial farming.
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8) There were many difficulties for workers unaccustomed to factory work, but one they liked least and had the most trouble getting used to was A) Physical demands of tending several machines at once. B) The uncertainty of their jobs. C) Keeping to a precise timetable. D) Hot, humid air full of dust and lint. E) Machinery noises and frightening sizes.
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9) In the pre-industrial system, a boy who wanted to learn a trade A) Would have to teach himself. B) Was taught by his father or an older male relative. C) Entered a formal apprenticeship system. D) Had to labor in a factory first. E) Went to family-oriented trade schools.
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10) Which one of the following is NOT a traditional eighteenth-century work habit? A) Slow task oriented pace. B) Work in or near the home. C) A barter and mutual obligation system. D) Fixed production work schedule. E) Family apprenticeship system.
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11) Lowell chapter leader Sarah Bagley defied convention not only by being a union leader but also by A) Having a skilled worker's job. B) Directly addressing her state legislature. C) Trying to vote in a local election. D) Running for political office. E) Formally holding an apprenticeship.
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12) "I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all." Which of the following writers is most identified with this perspective? A) Margaret Fuller. B) Ralph Waldo Emerson. C) Susan Warner. D) Lydia Maria Child. E) Henry David Thoreau.
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13) While many states had cotton mills, the region with the greatest concentration of mills by 1839 was A) Old Northwest. B) New England. C) The Midwest. D) The South. E) Middle Atlantic states.
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14) Charles and Lydia Finney were examples of the significance of this in the market revolution: A) Apostles of the assembly line. B) Religious response to changing economic conditions. C) Artisan family that became Boston Brahmins. D) Labor reformers. E) Middle-class transcendentalists.
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15) Women were often pushed into this occupation because others were considered inappropriate: A) Teaching. B) Shoemaking. C) House servant. D) Garment trade. E) Nursing.
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16) Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the putting-out system? A) Merchants thought in terms of national markets. B) Business owners controlled workers. C) Loss of independence for artisans. D) Apprenticing became more important. E) Merchant capitalists controlled production.
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17) Which one of the following was NOT one of the ways middle-class couples were likely to use to limit family size? A) Infrequent sexual activity. B) Coitus interruptus. C) Abstinence. D) Condoms. E) Rhythm method.
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18) Disdaining the mill workers for their poverty and transience, rural community people called them A) Strolling poor. B) Street poor. C) Operatives. D) Poor white trash. E) The middling sort.
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19) Among the primary reasons that young farm women moved from the farm to work in textile mill towns in the early nineteenth century was A) To escape unhappy marriages. B) To pursue career goals. C) To find husbands. D) To escape farm life and earn wages. E) To save their families from economic collapse.
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20) Which one of the following has the LEAST in common with the other four? A) Central workshops. B) Artisan tradition. C) Putting-out system. D) Per-piece wages. E) Merchant capitalists.
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21) The organization of a family business in the pre-industrial era was A) Equalitarian. B) Patriarchal. C) Matriarchal. D) Divided between work and leisure. E) A rigid factory system.
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22) The work style changes that occurred as factory production transformed the American economy included A) Shorter work hours than pre-industrial sun-up to sun-down experience. B) A blending of work and relaxation at the job site. C) The change from self-employment to harsh hierarchies. D) The regulation of work lives by clocks and bells. E) A blending of work and leisure.
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23) Nationally the proportion of wage laborers rose from 12 percent in 1800 to 40 in 1860. The majority were A) Recent European immigrants. B) Ex-slaves seeking a new start. C) In New England. D) West of the Appalachians. E) From the Lower South.
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24) After the opening of the Erie Canal, the production of homespun cloth in New York: A) declined slightly. B) declined rapidly. C) expanded slightly. D) expanded dramatically. E) remained constant.
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25) Francis Cabot Lowell and Paul Moody changed textile manufacturing with their invention of a/an A) Power loom. B) Uniform part assembly machine. C) Power sewing machine. D) Carding machine. E) Assembly line.
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26) Under the impact of industrialization, the proportion of wage laborers in the United States had risen from 12 percent in 1800 to THIS percent in 1860: A) 37. B) 75. C) 60. D) 40. E) 25.
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27) One of the key goals of early unions like the New England Female Labor Reform Association was to have A) Better wages. B) Factory safety. C) Child care leave. D) A ten-hour day. E) Paid apprenticeships.
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28) Catharine Beecher's book Treatise on Domestic Economy illustrated the need for A) Suffrage for women. B) Occupational training for working class and immigrant women. C) Helping middle-class women modernize their tasks and family role. D) New attitudes on sexuality and child-bearing for middle-class women. E) Scientifically explained methods of birth control.
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29) In his Walden, Henry David Thoreau A) Reassured middle-class businessmen on self-interest. B) Questioned the spiritual cost of the market revolution. C) Humanized the factory system. D) Argued for the development of the nation's natural resources. E) Criticized society for wasting women's potential.
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30) The core of sentimentalism of the urban middle class developed from A) Nostalgia for imagined preindustrial village security. B) The advertising culture of the day. C) Evangelicalism. D) Romantic love. E) Proper social codes.
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31) This individual left England illegally and brought his cotton spinning machine construction skills to the United States: A) Samuel Slater. B) Thomas Springer. C) Eli Whitney. D) Francis Lowell. E) Moses Brown.
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32) In the middle-class industrial household, "home" became A) A haven for leisure and relaxation. B) An extension of the workplace. C) A continuation of the domination and servitude of management and labor. D) A school and church for children. E) The site of numerous female home occupations.
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33) A crucial aspect of the new putting-out system was A) Assembly lines. B) Division of labor. C) Apprenticing. D) Uniform parts. E) Lack of family ties.
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34) The history of Lowell epitomizes this transition: A) Slave to non-slave labor. B) Self-sufficient farm families to urban wageworkers. C) Effect of the Erie Canal on manufacturing. D) Working class to middle class. E) Industrial town to ghost town
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35) Due to the market revolution, male children of artisans and farmers were more likely to be A) Brahmins. B) Factory workers. C) Skilled craftsmen D) Manufacturers. E) White collar workers.
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36) Which one of the following was NOT true of family mills? A) Children made up 50 percent of workers. B) The economic benefits to the community were considerable. C) Rural farming communities welcomed mill communities. D) More than one worker per family was usually a necessity. E) Almost 50 percent of the workforce left each year.
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37) The religion that captured the attention of the new middle class in the early 1800s A) Emphasized an intellectual as opposed to emotional experience. B) Convinced its converts that original sin doomed all but an elite to damnation. C) Incorporated an enthusiastic evangelistic approach to religious practice. D) Promoted a narrow path to salvation. E) Had its greatest impact on young males.
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38) You are an enterprising merchant in Cincinnati in 1816 with capital to invest. You are most likely to invest it successfully in A) Textile mills. B) Steamboat industry. C) Iron mills. D) Shipping. E) Rifle manufacturing.
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39) The states of the Old Northwest were largely settled by migrants from: A) England. B) The Middle States. C) New England. D) Germany. E) Canada.
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40) While Eli Whitney's role in developing the cotton gin is well know, he was also a pioneer in A) Mass produced guns. B) The putting-out system. C) Mass-produced watches. D) Steamboat construction. E) Interchangeable parts.
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41) Which mode of transportation had the most dramatic impact on American economic life by 1850? A) railroad. B) steamship. C) ocean liner. D) canal. E) road.
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42) From the point of view of this group, the putting-out system seemed particularly beneficial: A) Artisans. B) Farm families. C) Independent contractors. D) Young apprentices. E) Middle-class women.
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43) Canals and railroads A) were financed mostly by private investors. B) spurred the development of towns and cities along their route. C) were built by locally recruited labor. D) favored greater settlement of the East Coast. E) had little immediate impact on social patterns.
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44) The major transformation in social order due to the market revolution came in the lives of the A) Middling sort. B) Mechanics and farmers. C) Ex-slaves. D) Brahmins. E) Laboring poor.
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45) The term "free" labor originally referred to the A) Labor of apprentices in exchange for training. B) Industrial slavery. C) Unpaid members of a family doing piecework. D) Right to move to another job. E) Lure of western lands.
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46) Domestic sources of capital for emergent American industry in the early nineteenth century included: A) Southern cotton interests. B) large merchant interests. C) family connections. D) local banks. E) all of the above.
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47) Charles G. Finney's revivals are held in Rochester in A) 1822. B) 1825. C) 1840.
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D) 1844.
E) 1830.
48) Which one of the following was NOT likely to be a topic of women's sentimental novels in the early 1800s? A) Coping with difficulty. B) Protest against the competitive world. C) Romantic love. D) Caring family life. E) Religious feeling.
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49) In 1798, Eli Whitney contracts with the government for A) Producing rifles with interchangeable parts. B) Support of the cotton gin. C) Construction of the first cotton textile factory. D) A shoe factory based on assembly line production. E) Producing soldiers' uniforms.
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50) Duncan Phyfe and Stephen Allen are both examples of artisans who A) Invented early factory production systems. B) Defied the apprentice system to learn their trade. C) Formed guilds and advocated revolution. D) Became wealthy and upset the social order. E) Were initially tenant farmers moving into urban areas.
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51) The Lowell mills employed primarily A) Male textile apprentices. B) Master craftsmen and their sons. C) Women and children. D) Ex-military men. E) Unemployed ship workers.
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52) The Embargo Act of ________ banning British manufacturers had a positive effect on American manufacturing. A) 1790. B) 1803. C) 1796. D) 1807. E) 1800.
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53) Which one of the following gives the CORRECT chronological order of events? (1) Cotton Gin invented. (2) Slater's first textile mill opens. (3) New England Female Labor Reform Association formed. (4) Lowell builds his cotton textile factory. A) 4, 2, 1, 3 B) 4, 1, 2, 3 C) 2, 1, 4, 3 D) 1, 2, 4, 3
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E) 3, 2, 4, 3
54) Which one of the following was NOT one of the expected attitudes and habits of the new economic order? A) The discouragement of employee spontaneity. B) Employer-worker closeness. C) Steadiness and sobriety. D) Responsibility. E) Hard work.
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55) The British dubbed this "the American system of manufactures": A) Family mills. B) Unionized factories. C) Interchangeable parts. D) Precise timekeeping. E) The 40-hour week.
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56) The first productive tariff in the United States is passed in A) 1833. B) 1807. C) 1816.
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D) 1824.
E) 1798.
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57) As an early 1800s Cincinnati merchant, you were most likely to be financing A) Strip mining. B) Cotton textile manufacturing. C) Railroads. D) Steamboat construction. E) Canal construction.
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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 58) Using the Lowell, Massachusetts mill as your example, illustrate the fundamental changes for people's lives brought on by Market Revolution. 59) If you were called a "middling sort" in the late 1700s or early 1800s, what "sort" were you? 60) What do Eli Whitney, Simeon North and John Hall have in common? 61) Discuss the changes that occurred in "home," "work," and "leisure," because of manufacturing technology. How has present technology continued to affect these activities/locations? 62) You see yourself as a free laborer but southern defenders of slavery tell you that you are a "wage slave." What would your reply be? 63) How were the roles of middle-class women changed and what writings and ideologies supported them? 64) Summarize the changes in values and attitudes among the middle and working classes as they experienced the Industrial Revolution. 65) Illustrate how sentimentalism, transcendentalism and evangelical religion helped support the new middle class. 66) Discuss changes in the roles of men, women, and children in the middle class family during the years of the market revolution.. 67) Henry David Thoreau questioned the market revolution and its costs. Discuss his ideas and their relevance to today. 68) Making connections: Compare King Cotton to the Market Revolution in terms of the regional differences they entrenched between South and North. 69) What is the connection between guns, nails, clocks and sewing machines? 70) What was the original meaning of the phrase "free labor" and what did it expand to in the industrializing economy? 71) As a woman, mechanization has robbed you of spinning and weaving as a way of making money in the home. What other possibilities would you have to consider?
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Answer Key Testname: CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUID 1) D 2) B 3) B 4) E 5) B 6) E 7) C 8) C 9) C 10) D 11) B 12) B 13) B 14) B 15) D 16) D 17) D 18) C 19) D 20) B 21) B 22) D 23) C 24) B 25) A 26) D 27) D 28) C 29) B 30) A 31) A 32) A 33) B 34) B 35) E 36) C 37) C 38) B 39) C 40) E 41) A 42) B 43) B 44) A 45) D 46) E 47) E 48) E 49) A 50) D 10
Answer Key Testname: CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUID 51) C 52) D 53) C 54) B 55) C 56) C 57) D 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71)
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