Quest Chapter 17 # Problem
Hint
1
What can “make” an atom?
2
3
4
5
6
Where were the atoms that make up a newborn “manufactured”? 1. explosions of ancient stars 2. a chemical reaction 3. in the mother’s body 4. Unable to determine What is not an element? 1. None of these 2. oxygen 3. hydrogen 4. carbon 5. water Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby? 1. a baby 2. an elderly person 3. It requires a case-by-case analysis. 4. of equal age Are atoms visible with electron microscopes or optical microscopes? 1. only with electron microscopes 2. only with optical microscopes 3. with both electron and optical microscopes 4. with neither microscope (part 1 of 2) There are approximately 1 × 1022 molecules in a single medium-sized breath of air and approximately 1 × 1044 molecules in the atmosphere of the whole world. How many breaths of air are in the world’s atmosphere?
(part 2 of 2) If all the molecules from Julius Caesar’s last dying breath are now thoroughly mixed in the atmosphere, how many of these on the average do we inhale with each single breath?
How is an element different from a compound? Which does not meet that criteria? See question 1 for clarification.
Did you read the chapter? (see page 248)
You have Moleculesair per breath and Moleculestotal air for the atmosphere. How would you find the number of breaths? (This is similar to d=rt.) In problem 5, we have the ratio of Moleculesair per breath to Moleculestotal air. Set that ratio equal to your new ratio: x molecules from Julius to Moleculesair per breath. Then, solve for x.
# Problem
Hint
7
What do you think we sense when we smell something? Vision requires light waves. Hearing requires sound waves. Touch requires direct contact mostly. Taste and smell require what? What is the chemical formula for water?
8
If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? 1. Yes; the odor is composed of waves radiated by the body. 2. Yes; odor has nothing to do with molecules. 3. No 4. Yes, but the odor would be different.
(part 1 of 2) How many atoms are in a water molecule? 1. 3 2. 5 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2 9 (part 2 of 2) How many elements are in a water molecule? 1. 3 2. 2 3. 4 4. 1 5. 5 10 Can two different elements contain the same number of protons or neutrons? 1. the same number of neutrons but not the same number of protons 2. neither the same number of neutrons nor of protons 3. the same number of protons but not the same number of neutrons 4. the same number of both neutrons and protons
How many atoms of each element are there? This is too easy.
How do protons define an element? How do neutrons define an element?
# Problem
Hint
11 The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. How many protons, neutrons and orbiting electrons are in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral? 1. Co-59: 27, 59, 27; Co-60: 27, 60, 27. 2. Co-59: 27, 59, 59; Co-60: 27, 60, 60. 3. Co-59: 27, 32, 27; Co-60: 27, 33, 27. 4. Co-59: 32, 27, 59; Co-60: 33, 27, 60.
How do we determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom?
12 At the time of Rutherford’s gold leaf experiment, scientists knew that negatively charged electrons existed within the atom, but they did not know where the positive charge resided. What information about the positive charge was provided by Rutherford’s experiment? 1. The positive charge must be concentrated in a small core (the atomic nucleus). 2. The positive charge can freely move within the atom. 3. The positive charge is spread throughout the atom. 4. There is no positive charge associated with an atom. 13 Helium is an inert gas, meaning it doesn’t readily combine with other elements. Which of the following elements would you expect to also be an inert gas? 1. hydrogen 2. carbon 3. nitrogen 4. oxygen 5. neon
What must always be the same? Remember: The order of the numbers in the answers refer to Protons, Neutrons, Electrons. Where are all of the positive charges located?
What element is in the list and also in the far right column of the periodic table?
# Problem
Hint
14 The atoms that compose your body are mostly empty space, and structures such as the chair you’re sitting on are composed of atoms that are also mostly empty space. Why don’t you fall through the chair? 1. The protons are tightly bound. 2. The electrical repulsion between atoms keeps us from falling through our chairs. 3. Macroscopic matter is too big to get through the microscopic empty space. 4. The process of falling through the chair takes so long time that we can hardly observe it.
What subatomic particle is on the outside of every atom of you?
# Problem
Hint
15 Which would be the more valued result: taking one proton from each nucleus in a sample of gold or adding one proton to each gold nucleus? 1. It requires a case-by-case analysis. 2. taking one proton from each gold nucleus 3. equally valuable 4. adding one proton to each gold nucleus 16 If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains? 1. carbon 2. original oxygen 3. an isotope of oxygen 4. nitrogen 17 What element results if you add a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury? 1. thallium 2. an isotope of mercury 3. original mercury 4. platinum 5. lead
What elements are on either side of gold in the periodic table?
What subatomic particle is on the outside of every atom of your chair? Do those particles ignore, attract or repel each other?
Which one is more valuable? Remove two protons? Move two places to the left. On what element are you? Add two protons? Move two places to the right. On what element are you?
# Problem
Hint
18 Carbon, with a half-full outer shell of electrons, readily shares its electrons with other atoms and forms a vast number of molecules, many of which are the organic molecules that form the backbone of living matter. Looking at the periodic table, which element might play a role like carbon in life forms on some other planet? 1. aluminum 2. hydrogen 3. carbon 4. silicon 5. oxygen 19 Which contributes more to an atom’s mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom’s size? 1. protons; electrons 2. electrons; protons 3. electrons; electrons 4. protons; protons
It needs to be in the same column as carbon. (and yet not be carbon)
Think, think, think. Which is more massive? Think, think, think. Which is more very tiny in size? (The other one makes up most of the volume – size.)
