Name: ______________________________________________ Date: _________________________ Period: ______
2. Fill in the blanks regarding the process of protein synthesis: Many organelles are involved in the process of making protein. First the ______________________________
PHYSIO | Cell Review Worksheet | Chapter 3 Expect everything on this sheet to show up on your test. Cell Organelles 1. Use the word blank below to answer the following questions. Some words may be used more than once: Cytoskeleton Vesicle Nucleus Nucleolus rough ER Ribosome smooth ER Golgi apparatus (body) Mitochiondria Vacuole Lysosome Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell wall Centrioles a.
makes ribosomes, which exit through pores. The ribosomes then travel to the ________________________. This is where ribosomes link __________________________ to make protein. The protein then travels to the ________________________, where the proteins are packaged into ________________________ which can transport the proteins out of the cell by fusing with the ______________________________. Cell Membrane 3. Using the picture of the cell membrane, label the following: Carbohydrate chain, Embedded Protein, Protein
Label the cell parts:
Channel, Cholesterol, Cytoskeleton, Phospholipid (including all 3 major parts).
4. List a function of each type of molecule that is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer below:
b. Which organelle creates the energy required by cells? _______________________________________________
Molecule
c. Which organelles create proteins? _______________________________________________________________
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrate
Function
d. Which organelles processes and transports proteins? ________________________________________________ e. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down foreign invaders? ____________________________ f. Which organelle is a network of fibers that criss‐cross to support a cell from the inside? ____________________ g. Which organelle performs photosynthesis to make sugar? ____________________________________________ h. Which organelle is thought to help with cell division in animal cells? ____________________________________ i.
Which cell part is the internal fluid found in all cells? ________________________________________________
j.
Which organelle holds DNA and chromosomes? ____________________________________________________
k. Which cell part is made of cellulose that provides rigid support? _______________________________________ l.
Which organelle is studded with ribosomes and is often the site of protein synthesis? _____________________
m. Which organelle breaks down alcohol, and can also break down and make lipids? _________________________ n. Which organelle is responsible for making ribosomes? _______________________________________________ o. Which organelle carries materials from one part of the cell to another? _________________________________ p. Which organelle is a sac filled with fluid inside a cell; it stores materials the cell needs? ____________________
5. What model have scientists developed to describe the arrangement of molecules that make up a cell membrane? ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Which part of a phospholipid is polar? ______________________________________
7. Which part of a phospholipid is nonpolar? ______________________________________
8. What do the terms, selective permeability and semi‐permeable, have to do with the cell membrane? _________________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions about chemical signals: 9. Ligands that cross the cell membrane, and bind within‐ bind to a ______________________receptor, while ligands that bind in the cell membrane, bind to a _______________________receptor.
Passive Transport
17. Label the following type of active transport and then explain what is happening in each picture:
10. Define concentration gradient ________________________________________________________________
Type of Active Transport: ________________________________________________________
11. What is passive transport (be sure to mention the concentration gradient)?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Fill in the table:
Types of Passive Transport Explanation
Diffusion
Osmosis
18. Label the following type of active transport and then explain what is happening in each picture:
Type of Active Transport: ________________________________________________________
Facilitative Diffusion
13. What might cause a molecule to move from the outside of the cell to the inside (with no energy)?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Label the type of solution each red blood cell is in. Draw dots to show where the solutes are (inside/outside of cell) and arrows on the cell to show the direction of osmosis.
Active Transport 15. Define active transport (be sure to mention the concentration gradient): _________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Compare/Contrast:
Phagocytosis
DNA and RNA Comparison
Pinocytosis
19. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have been provided. DNA mRNA tRNA Molecule full name Deoxyribonucleic acid Name of Sugar Ribose Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Nitrogen bases present Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) Function Stores genetic information. 20. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA ________Holds the original coded ________Found in the nucleus only information for making proteins ________Can replicate itself (with the help of ________Found mostly in the cytoplasm enzymes) ________Copies DNA’s coded message ________Found equally in both the cytoplasm and nucleus ________Carries amino acids to the ribosome for ________Carries coded message to the ribosome assembly
Transcription 21. Pretend RNA polymerase has already separated the DNA strand below. Perform transcription and fill in the mRNA bases from the given DNA bases. Remember to replace T with U for RNA. 22. Following the rules of transcription, predict which DNA bases would have created the given mRNA bases. Remember that DNA has different bases than RNA.
26. Describe what is forming and happening in area B of the diagram (use best writing skills).
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 27. Describe what is being assembled and happening in area C of the diagram (use best writing skills).
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 28. Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation?________________________________________ 29. Which amino acid does every protein begin with?______________________________________________
23. Following the rules of transcription, fill in the missing bases from the strands of DNA and RNA. 24. Examine #23. Is the top strand a segment of DNA or RNA? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
30. Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation?________________________________________ 31. For each statement write either DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, or RNA polymerase ______________________ Reconnects DNA during replication ______________________ Separates DNA during transcription ______________________ Separates DNA during replication
Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer questions 25‐27. 25. Describe what is forming and happening in area A of the diagram (use best writing skills).
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
32. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA
For #14‐16, remember that mRNA=CODONS that code for the amino acid.
Amino acid
T T T 33. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA G U U
Amino acid
34. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA
tRNA
Amino acid
Methionine
35. Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules of translation and fill in the tRNA (anticodons) strand below.
36. Which two amino acids does the following DNA strand code for?
Mitosis 37. Label the cell cycle using the following words: Anaphase, Cell Divison, Cytokinesis, Gap 1, Gap 2, Interphase,
44. Give two examples of a somatic cell: ___________________________ & __________________________ 45. What is a telomere and what does it have to do with aging? _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Match the mitotic phase to the description: A. Interphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase E. Telophase 46. The sister chromatids move apart __________________
Metaphase, Mitosis, Prophase, Synthesis, Telophase. 47. A new nuclear membrane is forming around chromosomes ___________________
48. The cytoplasm of the cell is dividing ___________________
49. Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell _____________________
50. Cells perform normal functions _____________________
51. Chromatin condenses and form chromosomes ____________________
52. Spindle fiber begins to form ____________________
53. Spindle fiber connects to the centromeres ____________________
54. DNA duplicates ______________________
55. A cell plate develops separating two daughter plant cells ______________________
56. Label the pictures below with the proper stage of the cell cycle.
57. Place the picture of the cell cycle below in order by labeling them 1‐5; one being the first stage.
38. What happens during the S stage of Interphase? ________________________________________________ 39. What are the long, spaghetti‐like strands of DNA called? __________________________________________ 40. What do you call the pinched in portion of two sister chromatids? __________________________________ 41. What is special about the genetic makeup of two daughter cells? ___________________________________ 42. Describe cytokinesis: ______________________________________________________________________ 43. What is the one difference between the G1 and the G2 stage of Interphase? __________________________
