BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW PACKET 2018. Name: ... Know the different cell organelles and their functions, including the. â¡ nucleus: ... What invent...
BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW PACKET 2018 Name:__________________ 1. What are the steps of the scientific method? List and describe each step in order: 2. Define the following: ¨ experiment: ¨ controlled experiment: ¨ hypothesis: ¨ analysis: ¨ conclusion: ¨ variable: ¨ independent variable: ¨ dependent variable: ¨ control: 3. What is the benefit of performing a controlled experiment? 4. How is an independent variable different from a dependent variable? Be able to identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in example experiments. 5. What is a quantitative observation? Give examples. 6. What is a qualitative observation? Give examples. 7. Why is it important to use a control group in an experiment? 8. What does the study of biology include? 9. What are the characteristics of life (what characteristics do all living things share)? List and describe each characteristic. 10. What conditions are necessary for an individual organism to survive? What conditions are necessary for a population of organisms to survive? 11. What does homeostasis mean? What happens to an organism if homeostasis is disrupted? 12. What is the basic unit of life? 13. Explain why carbon atoms have the ability to branch and form chains, allowing life as we know it to exist? 14. Discuss THREE properties of water. 15. Explain how the water strider (a type of insect) can stand/walk on the surface of water. 16. Know the different instruments used in a science lab, including graduated cylinders, Erlenmeyer flasks, triple beam balances, Bunsen burners, test tubes, etc. What are those instruments used for? 17. Know the parts of a compound microscope and how to manipulate them properly. 18. How does one properly make a wet mount slide? How should the coverslip be lowered onto the microscope slide? 19. Know the proper safety procedures and rules for the science laboratory. 20. What is taxonomy? 21. What does binomial nomenclature mean? 22. Be able to identify the genus and species parts of a scientific name. Which comes first? Are both capitalized? Is the entire name italicized?
23. What are the seven taxonomic categories? Which is the most inclusive? The least inclusive? Be able to list the taxonomic categories in order from kingdom to species. 24. What is a species? 25. What is a eukaryote? What is a prokaryote? How do they differ? What are examples of each? 26. What is a heterotroph? What is an autotroph? Provide examples of each. 27. Define the following: producer, 28. What are carbohydrates? What are monosaccharides? Disaccharides? What are polysaccharides? 29. What are proteins? What are amino acids? 30. What are lipids? 31. What are nucleic acids? 32. What are monomers and what are polymers. What are the monomers and polymers for carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids? 33. What are the functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids? 34. What is the pH of a neutral solution? What is the pH of an acidic solution? What is the pH of a basic solution? 35. What are enzymes? Why are they important? What types of things can affect enzymatic activity (the rate of enzyme activity)? 36. What makes up an atom’s nucleus? What is found outside the nucleus of an atom? 37. Which element is found in organic compounds (that distinguishes it from inorganic compounds)? 38. What is a covalent bond? What is an ionic bond? 39. What is DNA? 40. What is the most abundant compound in most living things? 41. How do enzymes affect reactions in living cells? What does the term “lock and key” mean when related to the shape of an enzyme and how it fits with a substrate molecule? 42. Know the different cell organelles and their functions, including the ¨ nucleus: ¨ Nucleolus: ¨ mitochondria: ¨ ribosomes: ¨ plasma membrane: ¨ endoplasmic reticulum: ¨ chloroplast: ¨ Golgi apparatus: ¨ Vacuoles: ¨ Cytoskeleton: ¨ cell wall: ¨ nucleolus: ¨ Lysosomes: 43. How do animal cells differ from plant cells? 44. What is diffusion? -Does it require energy? 45. What is osmosis?
46.Explain the behavior of water molecules in the isotonic solution. 47. Does osmosis occur if a cell is placed in an isotonic solution? 48. Why does water enter a cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution 49. What happens to the pressure inside a cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution? 50. What can happen to animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution? Explain. 51. What causes a plant to wilt? 52. What is active transport? Does it require energy? 53. What is endocytosis? 54. What is phagocytosis? 55. What is exocytosis? 56. When energy is not used, how do substances tend to move across a cell membrane- from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration or from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration? 57. What is the cell theory? What three things does it state? What invention was key to the development of the cell theory? 58. What cell organelle contains chlorophyll? 59. What is required for photosynthesis to occur? 60. What are the products of photosynthesis? 61. Briefly describe what occurs during the light dependent reaction? 62. What is NADPH? What is its role in the process of photosynthesis? 63. Briefly describe what happens in the light independent reactions? 64. Briefly describe what happens during glycolysis? 65. What is an electron transport chain? 66. What is cellular respiration? 67. What is needed for cellular respiration to occur? 68. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration and total production of ATP per process. 69. What is the by-product of fermentation in humans? 70. What are the products of fermentation in yeast? 71. What is ATP? What is ADP? 72. What happens as homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase I of meiosis? 73. How does metaphase of mitosis differ from metaphase I of meiosis? 74. What is the sole purpose of meiosis? 75. What would happen to the chromosome number of each generation if meiosis did not take place?
76. Sexually reproducing offspring often resemble, but are not identical to, either or their parents. Explain why they resemble their parents, but are NOT identical to either parent. 77. List one example of an organism that reproduces by sexual reproduction and one that reproduces by asexual reproduction. 78. State how the normal chromosome number for humans is maintained from one generation to the next. 79. How does metaphase of mitosis differ from metaphase I of meiosis?
LABS: Complete the back pages for all of the labs we have done! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Lab safety Fortune telling fish Mealworm pH testing Enzymes Water lab Introduction to microscope Onion/cheek lab Dialysis Mitosis Meiosis Designing a baby Karyotype lab Fast plant lab
