Life Review Worksheet KEY Directions: With an NON blue or black PEN correct your worksheet. Do not erase your wrong answer to put in a correct one. I want to see what you got wrong. Spend most your time reviewing what you corrected. This WS is for a basic review and does not include every topic/section covered. Life Characteristics (1.1‐1.2) 1. List the traits/characteristics that all of life share and a brief explanation:
a. Made of one or more cells – cells are the basic unit of life. b. Need for chemical energy – organisms are categorized as being heterotrophs or autotrophs. c. Response to environment – organism respond to stimuli in different ways. d. Reproduction (sexual or asexual) and development (grow) 2. Define organism:Any individual living thing made of one or more cells. 3. Define species:Organisms that can reproduce together and create fertile offspring. 4. How do we know when animals are of different species? Of the same? Organisms that CAN’T create fertile offspring are diff. species. Organisms that CAN create fertile offspring are the same species. 5. Where is biodiversity the greatest? Biodiversity is the greatest at the equator. a. Why? Because at the equator there is less seasonal climate change (constantly warm year round) and because of this there is an abundance of resources. Organisms do not have to adapt to a constantly changing environment and they do not have to spend a lot of time or energy looking for food, shelter, or mates. 6. Give an example of each and explain each example: a. Autotroph: Create sugars using energy from the sun. Ex: Photosynthetic plants & algae b. Heterotroph: Consume others for energy. Ex: Fungi & animals 7. Which type of reproduction creates genetic diversity? Why? Sexual reproduction, because each offspring is a genetic MIXTURE of TWO parents. 8. Give an example and explanation for each unifying theme of biology below: a) Structure &Function b) Homeostasis • Feet for walking • • Teeth for grinding • Red blood cells carrying O2 • Shape of proteins for chemical • reactions • Finches beak shape • •
c) Adaptation & d) Systems Evolution • Any inherited • Your Maintenance of internal digestive conditions of an organism. All trait that living things function best within helps an system is a a set range of conditions like: organism to network of Don’t worry about body temperature, hunger, better functioning this for your test…we thirst, blood pressure, etc survive, like parts opposable (esophagus, They must be controlled or will revisit it later. thumbs. stomach, sickness or death can occur intestine, Car’s cruise control bladder, etc.) Home’s thermostat
Metric System 9. Using your knowledge of the Metric System, what unit of measure would you use for the following? a. Mass/weight of an object: Grams b. Depth/length of an object: Meters c. Measure the volume/liquids: Liters 10. Answer the following (hint: write out the metric chart): a. 0.63 daL = 6300 mL b. 3,459 mm = 34.59 dm c. 0.1237 hg = 1237 cg d. 9.38km = 938 dam Scientific Method (1.3) 11. Place the following steps of the scientific method in order using number one for the first step. seven Write a conclusion and share your results. six
Evaluate your results.
three Form a hypothesis in an “If…,then…” statement (possible solution to problem). two
Do background research on your problem.
one
Make an observation/state a problem.
four
Design an experiment
five
Collect and analyze your data.
12. The city of Los Angeles wants to know if there is a connection between physical fitness and air pollution. Fifty volunteers from the mayor’s office agree to be tested. First, they are asked to ride a stationary bike for 1 hour in a pollution‐free air chamber. A week later, the 50 volunteers return and are again asked to ride a stationary bike for 1 hour in a chamber filled with air pollutants common to Los Angeles. Their heart rates are monitored throughout the 1 hour bike rides. a. Name the control group: Volunteers who breathed common polluted air b. Name the experimental group: Volunteers who breathedpollution‐free air c. Name the independent variable: Quality (or type) of air breathed d. Name the dependent variable: Heart rates 13. When creating a graph, what type of graph would you create? Line graph a. Explain: A line graph is used to show a relationship between variables over time/distance or when variables are continuous. So for this graph I would plot the data for the control group in one color and then plot the data for the experimental group in another color. Then you could see the changes in each group’s heart vs air quality over the course of an hour. b. How would you title the “Y” axis? Heart rate of volunteers c. How would you label/title the “X” axis? Time (min). I would count up to 60 because there are 60 minutes in ONE hour and their heart rates are monitored throughout the 1 hour bike ride.
14. Compare and contrast the following: Hypothesis Same Theory Specific/Testable
Educated guess If…then statement, Proposed answer to a Can change based scientific question. on new evidence
Atoms and Molecules (2.1) 15. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following: Boron (B) Sodium (Na) p = 5 n = 6 e = 5
p = 11 n = 12 e = 11
Long standing, supported by lots of data, proposed explanation for a wide range of observations and results
Phosphorus (P) p = 15 n = 16 e = 15
16. Compare and contrast the following: Covalent Bonds Share pairs of electrons Strongest type of bond
Similarities
Ionic Bonds Electrons are lost or gained
Type of bond
Forms between molecules
Ions are made Held by magnetic charge
17. Match the terms with their appropriate definition. D An atom that has lost/gained electron(s),
a. Element
giving a + or – charge.
b. Molecule
A substance made up of one type of atom
c. Compound
(can’t be broken down by simple chemical means).
d. Ion
E
The smallest basic unit of matter
e. Atom
C
A molecule composed of two or more elements.
A
B Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
18. Draw the electron configuration for the moleculeCO2 (Carbon Dioxide): Carbon Oxygen P = 8 P = 8 P = 6
N=8
N=6
Oxygen
N=8
19. Is CO2a stable molecule? Explain: Yes, because each oxygen atom has 8 electrons in its second energy level (which is its outermost level) and carbon has 8 electrons in its second energy level (which is its outermost level). 20. What type of bond is formed between C and O2? Covalent (the term molecule implies this) a. How can you tell this? Because each O atom is sharing two electrons with C, and C is sharing two electrons with each O atom. 21. Fill in the number of electrons in the correct energy levels below: Oxygen (O) Beryllium (Be) These 2 e‐ move to O P = 4 P = 8 n =5 n =8 a. By itself, is oxygen stable? Explain. No, because O outer most layer needs 8 electrons, not 6. b. By itself, is beryllium stable? Explain. No, because Be outer most layer needs 8 electrons, not 2. 22. Draw an arrow(s) to show what will happen to the electron(s) between O andBe to form BeO. 23. What type of bond has formed between O and Be? Ionic 24. Fill in the table below to show the charge of Oxygen and Beryllium before and after bonding.
O
Be
O
Be
+8
+4
+8
+4
‐8
‐4
‐10
‐2
0
0
‐2
+2
25. Is BeO considered a stable compound? Explain:Yes, BeO is stable because both O and Be have their outermost energy levels full. O outermost energy level is 1 and it has 2 electrons. Be outermost energy level is 2 and it has 8 electrons.