Immune System Study Guide KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
microbes cause infectious diseases bacteria, protists, fungi, viruses a. they cannot perform chemical reactions; b. they cannot reproduce on their own They invade host cells & trick them into making new viruses. spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils a. stimulate phagocytosis to eat pathogen, b. heat denatures pathogen’s enzymes so chemical reactions can’t take place 7. specific immunity targets specific pathogen much more quickly & lasts longer 8. a. antibody of B cell in blood comes in contact with pathogen’s antigen; b. cytokines released by helper T cells 9. Vaccines carry dead/weak pathogen to induce immune response without causing disease. Memory B cells are formed from some plasma B cells & make antibodies. Memory T cells form from CTLs to kill infected cells. Both are done more quickly & last longer than nonspecific lymphocytes. 10. a. makes blood cells; lymphocytes b. provides physical & chemical barriers; skin, nose hairs, sweat, tears c. provides chemical barriers & stores immune cells; stomach acids, saliva, appendix, tonsils d. provides physical barriers; mucous e. carries immune cells; blood f. carries & stores immune cells; lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen Lymphocytes
11. B Cells a. plasma cell b. memory cell 12. T Cells a. helper T cell b. CTL C. memory T
Where made? bone marrow bone marrow bone marrow bone marrow bone marrow
Where develop? bone marrow bone marrow
Where located?
Job
Type of Job (Immunity)
lymph nodes, blood, spleen, appendix, tonsils
make antibodies
humoral
thymus
lymph nodes, blood, spleen, appendix, tonsils
store information about pathogen for future use release cytokines & activate B & T cells
thymus
lymph nodes, blood, spleen, appendix, tonsils
destroy infected cells
cellular
thymus
lymph nodes, blood, spleen, appendix, tonsils
form CTLs in future encounters w/ same pathogen
cellular
lymph nodes, blood, spleen, appendix, tonsils
Nonspecific Defenses 13. 1st, Physical barriers a. physical barriers: skin, nose hairs, mucus (any order) b. Chemical barriers: stomach acid, enzymes/lysozymes (tears, sweat, saliva) (any order) 14. 2nd: internal non-specific a. Inflammation b. Fever c. histamine d. lymphocyte e. Phagocytes f. macrophage g. natural killer cells (leukocytes)
humoral cellular
15. Specific Defenses; 3rd 16. Humoral; a. a. marks & neutralizes antigens to slow the spread of pathogen b. antibody, antigen c. B Cell, plasma, antibodies d. Memory B cells 17. Cellular a. destroy infected cells b. Macrophage, antigen c. Helper T cells, antigen, macrophage d. B Cell & T Cell divisions e. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Immune Disorders. 1. surface antigens change constantly so antibodies don’t recognize them 2. kills helper T cells so Cellular Immune Response can’t be activated Allergy 3. cellular 4. histamine 5. mast 6. inflammation & closed airways (any order) 7. inflammation & closed airways (any order) 8. proteins 9. skin’s proteins 10. T cells 11. your skin cells 12. inflammation, rash, blisters (any order) 13. inflammation, rash, blisters (any order) 14. inflammation, rash, blisters (any order)
