Learning may be considered as a change in human ... theory provided a genuine basis for proper ... instrumental conditioning emphasized by Thorndike...
Learning may be considered as a change in human disposition or capability which can be retained and Which can not be simply considered as growth. Human learning results in the development of the following five components; Verbal information, Intellectual skills, Cognitive strategies, Motor skills, Attitude According to Gagne All learning are not alike . His theory provided a genuine basis for proper organization and sequencing of instruction. He divided human learning in to eight types. He arranged the eight types of learning in a hierarchical structure. Gagne emphasize that the lower steps in the hierarchy must be mastered before learning higher steps and for mastering higher steps.Different internal and external conditions are necessary for each type or level of learning Internal conditions are the capabilities possessed by the learner on account of Previous learning, Physical stamina, Emotional set up External conditions are the elements which affect his learning outcome from out side, Appropriate teaching strategies, Opportunities to develop one’s capabilities Hierarchical type
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Signal learning; Similar to classical conditioning .e.g., learn signals on the road
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Stimulusresponse (SR) learning; Similar to instrumental conditioning emphasized by Thorndike Learn how to respond to traffic signals
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Chaining; Two or more SR connections are joined together
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Verbal Association; Learner emits chained responses of SR type using verbal associations.
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Multiple discrimination; Learns to make different responses to different stimuli with too much resemblance. It is a stage of good discrimination.
6. Concept learning ; Learns to provide a common response to a class of stimuli. 7. Rule learning; Principles are generated through chaining of two or more concepts. It is also known as learning of principles. 8. Problem solving; Solving problem using concepts and rules with the help of higher mental and cognitive abilities. According to gagne A proper theory must be based on hierarchical structure of the events of learning. What goes on inside the learner’s mind during teaching learning process may be termed as internal events.This should be considered while planning instructional procedures Learning events and Instructional events •
Learning events events
Instructional
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Reception Attention
Gain
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Expectancy of objectives
Inform learners
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Retrieval prior learning
Stimulate recall of
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Selective perception Content
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Semantic encoding learning guidance
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Responding performance
Elicit
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Reinforcement feedback
Provide
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Retrieval performance
Assess
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Generalization transfer to the job
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Educational Implications
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It provides a genuine basis for proper organization and sequencing of instruction.
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Importance of lower level learning is emphasized for higher level learning.
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Internal conditions of learner such as learners’ interest, motivation etc., may be considered while providing instruction for them.
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External conditions such as teaching strategies and opportunities for enhancing skills may be made an important concern of educators.
