CONTENTS
Volume 324
Issue 5928
SPECIAL SECTION
Plant-Microbe Interactions INTRODUCTION 741
748
Terrific Protein Traffic: The Mystery of Effector Protein Delivery by Filamentous Plant Pathogens
750
Hormone (Dis)harmony Moulds Plant Health and Disease
What’s Bugging Plants?
R. Panstruga and P. N. Dodds
PERSPECTIVES 742
Innate Immunity in Plants: An Arms Race Between Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants and Effectors in Microbial Pathogens T. Boller and S. Y. He
744
M. R. Grant and J. D. G. Jones 753
To Nibble at Plant Resistance Proteins Plant-Microbe Interactions: Chemical Diversity in Plant Defense
page 710
G. E. D. Oldroyd et al.
F. L. W. Takken and W. I. L. Tameling 746
Reprogramming Plant Cells for Endosymbiosis
755
Coevolution of Plants and Their Pathogens in Natural Habitats
Eutrophication: Time to Adjust Expectations
J. J. Burdon and P. H. Thrall
C. A. Jacoby and T. K. Frazer
Response
>> See also related Editorial on p. 691
D. J. Conley et al.
691
Next-Generation Communication
710
The Famine Fighter’s Last Battle
Ton Bisseling et al. >> Plant-Microbe Interactions section p. 741
713
Wenchuan Earthquake: A Deeply Scarred Land
700
Out of Mexico? Scientists Ponder Swine Flu’s Origins
702
Devilish Dilemmas Surround Pandemic Flu Vaccine
726
703
From the Science Policy Blog
705
What Role for Antiviral Drugs?
706
Newsmaker Interview: Corey Goodman, Post-Pfizer, on the Allure of Enterprise
707
Army Bans Pathogen Work at Lab After Security Lapse
715
One Year After a Devastating Cyclone, a Bitter Harvest
717
Going the Distance to Uncover the Roots of Trade in the Near East
718
Shuttle Crew Set to Prepare Hubble for a Star-Studded Grand Finale
POLICY FORUM 727
PERSPECTIVES 729
730
Fermi Data Dim Dark-Matter Claim
709
From Science’s Online Daily News Site
Origins of Agriculture in East Asia M. K. Jones and X. Liu
LETTERS 731
The Spread of Grapevine Trunk Disease
The Sources of Human Volition P. Haggard >> Report p. 811
Eutrophication: More Nitrogen Data Needed
733
Some Like It Cold C. H. Greene et al. >> Report p. 791
D. W. Schindler and R. E. Hecky
Eutrophication: Focus on Phosphorus
709
The Origin of Plasmaspheric Hiss O. Santolík and J. Chum >> Report p. 775
C. Bertsch et al.
DOE Commits $777 Million to Apply Basic Science to Urgent Problems
A History Lesson for Stem Cells J. M. Wilson
A Reprieve—and Risk
721
Cruelty K. Taylor, reviewed by P. Ak
Some Unwelcome Questions About Big Dams
NEWS OF THE WEEK
708
BOOKS ET AL.
NEWS FOCUS
EDITORIAL
C. L. Schelske
734
Eutrophication: Model Before Acting
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P. Bednarek and A. Osbourn
An Invasive Plant Paradox M. E. Rout and R. M. Callaway
A. C. Bryhn and L. Håkanson
CONTENTS continued >>
COVER
DEPARTMENTS
Interactions between microbes and plants can vary widely, depending upon the context and the partners of the interaction. An Editorial on page 691 and a collection of Perspectives starting on page 742 discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, signaling, and ecosystem dynamics that reflect how microbes and plants interact.
687 693 696 699 818 819
This Week in Science Editors’ Choice Science Staff Random Samples New Products Science Careers
Illustration: Chris Bickel
www.sciencemag.org
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8 MAY 2009
681
CONTENTS
REVIEW 736
781
Elemental Composition of the Martian Crust
H.-Y. Chen et al. Measurements of how well ClOOCl molecules absorb ultraviolet light support standard models of chlorine-induced ozone degradation.
H. Y. McSween Jr. et al.
BREVIA 758
784
A Gene Necessary for Reproductive Suppression in Termites
An enzyme in tomato targets bacterial virulence to change the outcome of infection from susceptibility to immunity.
Knocking out the Neofem2 gene in queen termites illicits pre-reproductive behavior in workers. 787
RESEARCH ARTICLE Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex
page 730
A drug that binds to the androgen receptor acts by disrupting its activity in the cell nucleus. 791
REPORTS
Basin-Scale Coherence in Phenology of Shrimps and Phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean P. Koeller et al. Shrimp reproduction is primed by bottom temperature and not directly by cues from the spring phytoplankton bloom. >> Perspective p. 733
Characterization of Multipartite Entanglement for One Photon Shared Among Four Optical Modes S. B. Papp et al. Sharing a single photon between four optical modes creates entangled states that could be used in quantum information processing.
768
794
A host protease helps newly replicated microbial parasites escape from incubator cells.
X. Wang et al.
772
797
Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be generated without integration of exogenous DNA into their genomes.
J. Horváth et al.
775
801
Benzothiazinones Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Blocking Arabinan Synthesis V. Makarov et al.
An Observation Linking the Origin of Plasmaspheric Hiss to Discrete Chorus Emissions
An isomerase required for cell-wall synthesis is a target for an alternative drug lead for tuberculosis treatment.
J. Bortnik et al. 804
The radio waves that remove energetic electrons from Earth’s radiation belts originate outside the plasmasphere. >> Perspective p. 729 778
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Vector and Transgene Sequences J. Yu et al.
An Experimental Design Method Leading to Chemical Turing Patterns Three design criteria were used to create sustained stationary patterns in the thiourea-iodate-sulfite reaction system.
page 768
R. Chandramohanadas et al.
N-Doping of Graphene Through Electrothermal Reactions with Ammonia The edges of graphene nanoribbons incorporate nitrogen atoms after heating in an atmosphere of ammonia.
Apicomplexan Parasites Co-Opt Host Calpains to Facilitate Their Escape from Infected Cells
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Neurons in the primate parietal cortex encode information required to make a decision and also the certainty of that choice.
Development of a Second-Generation Antiandrogen for Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer C. Tran et al.
R. Kiani and M. N. Shadlen
764
Host Inhibition of a Bacterial Virulence Effector Triggers Immunity to Infection V. Ntoukakis et al.
J. Korb et al.
759
UV Absorption Cross Sections of ClOOCl Are Consistent with Ozone Degradation Models
Mammalian Expression of Infrared Fluorescent Proteins Engineered from a Bacterial Phytochrome
page 807
X. Shu et al. An engineered infrared fluorescent protein derived from an extremophile bacterium gives a strong signal in mammalian cells. >> Science Podcast
The Role of Aerosols in the Evolution of Tropical North Atlantic Ocean Temperature Anomalies A. T. Evan et al. Changes in tropical North Atlantic sea surface temperatures are caused by variability in atmospheric aerosol abundances.
807
811
J. A. Weinstein et al. Sequencing of immunoglobulin messenger RNA characterizes the diversity of the antibody repertoire in individual zebrafish.
SCIENCE
VOL 324
Published by AAAS
M. Desmurget et al. Stimulation of the parietal cortex causes subjects to report having moved, even in the absence of actual motor responses. >> Perspective p. 731
High-Throughput Sequencing of the Zebrafish Antibody Repertoire
www.sciencemag.org
Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans
8 MAY 2009
CONTENTS continued >>
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CONTENTS
SCIENCEONLINE SCIENCEXPRESS
SCIENCESIGNALING
www.sciencexpress.org
www.sciencesignaling.org The Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment
Greater Transportation Energy and GHG Offsets from Bioelectricity Than Ethanol
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Complexity in Transcription Control at the Activation Domain–Mediator Interface
J. E. Campbell et al. Electric vehicles powered by electricity made from biofuels are more efficient than vehicles fueled by bioethanol. 10.1126/science.1168885 >> Science Podcast
M. A. Balamotis et al. Transcriptional activation kinetics vary in different cell types, in part because related transcription factors make alternative mediator interactions.
Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils
PERSPECTIVE: Nitric Oxide Links Mitochondrial Fission to Alzheimer’s Disease
X. Li et al.
IL-21 Is Required to Control Chronic Viral Infection H. Elsaesser et al. CD4+
Interleukin-21 produced by T cells helps CD8+ T cells control viral infection in a mouse model. 10.1126/science.1174182
SCIENCENOW Rogue black hole.
PERSPECTIVE: Fragile Axons Forge the Path to Gene Discovery—A MAP Kinase Pathway Regulates Axon Regeneration G. S. O’Brien and A. Sagasti In Caenorhabditis elegans, a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is required for regenerative, but not developmental, axon outgrowth.
NETWATCH: Genes to Cognition (G2C) Online
Recruitment of an Area Involved in Eye Movements During Mental Arithmetic
Learn about current neuroscience research and explore the genetic and biochemical causes of neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders; in Educator Sites.
A. Knops et al. Addition and subtraction are encoded in the same part of the brain that is responsible for eye movements and spatial attention. 10.1126/science.1171599
NETWATCH: PharmGKB
SCIENCESIGNALING Controlling mitochondrial fission.
A pharmacogenetics database integrates genetic, phenotypic, and pharmacological data; in Bioinformatics Resources.
Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals N. G. Gubernator et al.
SCIENCECAREERS
Optical tracking of neurotransmitter release in the brain reveals multiple synaptic populations that depend on brain activity. 10.1126/science.1172278
www.sciencecareers.org/career_magazine Free Career Resources for Scientists
ORIGINSBLOG blogs.sciencemag.org/origins A History of Beginnings
Mind Matters: Ten-Minute Tools for Managing Stress I. S. Levine Small chunks of dedicated time can help relieve the stress in scientific lives.
SCIENCENOW CREDITS: (SCIENCE NOW) DAVID AGUILAR/CFA; (SCIENCE SIGNALING) CHRIS BICKEL
B. Westermann Amyloid β–induced nitrosylation of a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission is neurotoxic.
www.sciencenow.org Highlights From Our Daily News Coverage
SCIENCEINSIDER
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Predominantly single-layer graphene films grow in a self-limited manner on copper and can be transferred to other substrates. 10.1126/science.1171245
blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider Science Policy News and Analysis
From Cells to Selling Science
Running Amok in the Milky Way
A. G. Levine Scientific training helps public relations professionals tell stories for their clients.
Hundreds of rogue black holes could be prowling the galaxy.
Narcolepsy: A Case of the Body Attacking Itself? New findings suggest that the sleep disorder is an autoimmune disease.
Funding News GrantsNet Staff Now published weekly, Funding News provides the latest sources of research and education funds.
Did Mars’s Magnetic Field Die With a Whimper or a Bang? Study suggests massive asteroids could have released enough heat to shut down the Red Planet’s dynamo.
SCIENCEPODCAST www.sciencemag.org/multimedia/podcast Free Weekly Show Download the 8 May Science Podcast to hear about imaging animal cells with infrared fluorescent proteins, benefits of bioelectricity versus bioethanol, combating wheat rust, and more.
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SCIENCE
VOL 324
Published by AAAS
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