Chromosome & Cell Cycle Unit Review Worksheet | KEY Chromosomes 1. Match the following: C Loose strands of DNA & protein A Condensed form of DNA D Together, these make up equal parts of a chromosome
Word Bank a. Chromosome b. Centromere c. Chromatin d. Sister Chromatids
B The point at which two chromatids are joined
2. Examine the karyotype to answer the next questions: a. What is the gender of this person? XY ‐ Male b. How many pairs of chromosomes are there? 23 c. How many chromosomes can be found in: Somatic cells? 46 Egg cells (of this species)? 0 because XY, if XX then 23 The gametes? 23 Cells made by mitosis? 46 Nerve cells? 46 Diploid cells? 46 Haploid cells? 23 Sperm cells? 23
3. Use the pictures below to answer the next set of questions. Does the statement describe karyotype A, B, both A & B, or neither? a. I could be from a diploid cell: A b. I could be from a sperm cell: B c. I could be from a skin cell: A d. I could be from an egg cell: Neither (because XY) e. My chromosomes were inside a nucleus: A & B f. I am from a female: Neither
A
B
4. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson are expecting a child, but their karyotype shows an abnormality in chromosome pair 23 (all other chromosomes appear normal). What is the notation for this karyotype? 47, XXY, +23 1st: Total # of chromosomes 2nd: Sex/gender 3rd: On which pair is there extra or missing chromosomes? Mitosis & Meiosis 5. Identify each of the following stages:
Metaphase Prophase Anaphase Prophase Telophase 6. Using the letters from the picture above, place the steps in the correct order of the cell cycle. 2: B 3: A 4: C 5: E 1: D 7. Examine the 18 drawings of cells below. Write the letter of the cell cycle stage in the table below. Choices: Interphase (I), Prophase (P), Metaphase (M), Anaphase (A), Telophase (T) 1
M
2
P
3
T
4
7
A
8
I
9
A
10
13
I
14
P
15
I
16
I I I
5
I
6
I
11
M
12
T
17
M
18
I
8. During which stage of the cell cycle do the following events take place? Choices: (I) Interphase, (P) Prophase, (M) Metaphase, (A) Anaphase, (T) Telophase A: Chromosomes are split in half with each chromatid moving towards one end of the cell I: DNA created, or duplicated T: Nucleus reforms P: Chromatin winds into chromosomes I: G1, S, G2 stages occur P: Spindle fibers form I: Nerve cells would transmit signals to and from the brain M: Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes I: Cell performs its normal functions I: Additional mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi bodies, etc. are formed M: Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to middle of the cell P: Nucleus dissolves I: Cell enlarges P: In meiosis I, synapsis & crossing over occur 9. Mitosis creates which cells? Circle all that apply. Skin
Nerve
Blood
Egg
10. Meiosis creates which cells? Circle all that apply. Skin
Nerve
Blood
Egg
Sperm
Somatic
Brain
Somatic
Brain
Sperm
11. In the space to the right, place the steps of meiosis in the correct order; label each stage as well. Number 1 has been completed for you. 1: F‐ Prophase I
2: C‐ Metaphase I
3. A‐ Anaphase I
A
B
C
D
4. B‐ Telophase I
E
F
G
H
6. E‐ Metaphase II
5. D‐ Prophase II
7. H‐ Anaphase II 8. G‐ Telophase II
12. Using the diagram in the previous problem, use the appropriate letter to identify the stages below: F (Prophase I): Crossing over of homologous chromosomes occurs A (Anaphase I): Homologous chromosomes (tetrads) are separated H (Anaphase II): Sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell C (Metaphase I): Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell F (Prophase I): Synapsis Occurs (tetrads are formed) 13. Meiosis differs for males and females. Write the term for the each of the following: a. Production of egg cells in female ovaries Oogenesis b. Production of sperm cells in male testes Spermatogenesis 14. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis:
Mitosis Occurs in somatic cells (non‐sex cells) Creates diploid cells (full # of chromosomes) Produces 2 identical daughter cells Only one round of division P M A T A type of asexual reproduction for some organisms, like bacteria
Cell Division
Occurs to make gametes/gerrn cells (sex cells) Creates haploid cells (1/2 # of chromosomes) Produces 4 genetically unique cells 2 rounds of division P‐I, M‐I, A‐I, T‐I, P‐II, M‐II, A‐II, T‐II Spermatogenesis makes 4 sperm cells Oogenesis makes 1 mature egg (ovum) and 3 polar bodies that dissolve
Meiosis
