Chapter 10: Chemistry of Solutions
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Chapter 10: Chemistry of Solutions
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Chapter 10: Chemistry of Solutions
Chapter Overview A solution forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent. Many solutes are soluble in water because water is polar. Solubility is the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. Concentration is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution. An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. The strength of acids and bases is measured by pH. The reaction of an acid and a base produces a salt and water.
Online Resources See the following Web sites for appropriate laboratory activities: The following URL provides links to many lab activities relating to the chemistry of solutions. • http://www.nclark.net/Solutions At the URL below, you can find an inquiry lab in which students investigate solubility and identify an unknown crystal based on its solubility. • http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/activity.php?id=9 In this lab, students can test different substances with red cabbage juice to determine whether they are acids or bases. • http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/activity.php?id=27 This is a follow-up lab to the acid/base lab above. Students will use their knowledge of color changes with red cabbage indicator to neutralize an acidic solution with a base and then neutralize a basic solution with an acid. • http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/activity.php?id=28 This URL has a sequence of several excellent lab activities relating to acids, bases, pH, and neutralization reactions. • http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter6/lesson9 These Web sites may also be helpful: Many activities, worksheets, quizzes, and other resources for teaching solutions are available at this URL: http://w ww.nclark.net/Solutions . Numerous activities and other resources on solution chemistry, dissolving, and related concepts are provided at the following URL. 1
www.ck12.org • http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/topic.php?topic=Solubility This URL has links to several videos on acids, bases, and the pH scale: • http://www.neok12.com/Acids-and-Bases.htm This URL has links to several articles, activities, and other resources on acids, bases, and pH. • http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzchem3.html These two URLs provide a selection of simple activities (e.g., matching and word-search games) that will help students learn or review the main points about acids, bases, and pH. • http://www.quia.com/rd/1975.html?AP_rand=839976060 • http://www.quia.com/jg/347025.html Another great Web site for teaching acids and bases comes from the Miami Museum of Science. It provides middle school teachers with many interesting resources for this content area. • http://www.miamisci.org/ph/index.html
Pacing the Lessons TABLE 1.1: Pacing the Lessons Lesson 10.1 Introduction to Solutions 10.2 Solubility and Concentration 10.3 Acids and Bases
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Class Period(s) (60 min) 1.5 1.0 2.5
