sugars (ex: glucose, fructose). - Bond to form ... 3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen and hydrogen atoms will it most likely con...
Biology Notes: Organic Molecules & Carbohydrates Directions: Fill this out as we cover the following topics in class. Corresponds to pages 44 – 46 in text. Organic Molecules Additional Info • Carbon = building block of _______________________ molecules • Carbon is unique - Unstable: 2nd electron level ____________________ full - Will bond up to _________________ times • Monomer: ___________________ carbon molecules - Ex: Amino acid • Polymer: ___________________ of linked ___________________ - Ex: Protein Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable • Is Carbon stable with 4 electrons in its outer layer? __________ • Is Hydrogen stable with 1 electron in its layer? _________ • So what do atoms do when they are unstable? __________ Carbohydrates • Readily available food source • C____________: H____________: O____________ ratio - Ex: _______________________ = C6 H12 O6 • Monomer: __________________________________ - __________________ sugars (ex: glucose, fructose) - Bond to form ___________________ sugars • Polymer: ___________________________________ - __________________ sugars (ex: sucrose, maltose, lactose) • How do monosaccharides bond together? _________________________ - Explain:_____________________________________________ Carbohydrate Polymers: ________________________________ • ______________________________ chain of monosaccharides • Ex: Starch: excess ____________________ sugar converted & stored • Ex: Glycogen: ______________________starch stored in _____________________ & muscles • Ex: Cellulose: used in __________________ to make ________________ Review Carbohydrates 1) How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy level? 2nd energy level? 2) Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used as energy for cells? 3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain? 4) What are the monomers of carbohydrates called? 5) What are the polymers of carbohydrates called? 6) Which polymer of carbohydrates is stored by animals? 7) Which polymer of carbohydrates is stored by plants?
Biology Notes: Lipids Directions: Fill this out as we cover the following topics in class. Corresponds to pages 46 – 47 in text. Lipid Structure Additional Info • Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes • Monomer: _______________________ • Polymer: ________________________ - Ex: Phospholipid • Structure (3 parts): • “Head” = _______________ & _______________ (_______________) • Hydrophilic = _______________________ • “Tails” = _________ fatty acids (_____________) • Hydrophobic = _____________________ • Function: • Make up the cell ___________________ • Lipids and proteins _______________ the cell _______________ - Ex: Triglyceride: • Structure (2 parts): • “Head” = _______________ • “Tails” = _______ Fatty acids • Function: • Provide _______________ for cells • Insulation • Cholesterol: Gives cell membrane _______ Fats and Oils Have Different Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Fatty Acids • Long chain of C = C bonds (all _________________ bonds) • Each __________ is “saturated” with __________ atoms • Single bonds ______________ to compact = ________________ at room temp • Very common in _______________ fats Unsaturated Fatty Acids • Long chain of C = C bonds ( ____________________ bonds) • Double bonds - ________________ H from attaching - Make “_______________” which are not easily compacted = ______________ at room temps • Common in _________________________ Review 1) What are the three parts of a phospholipid called? 3) How do saturated & unsaturated fatty acids differ? 4) Which lipid gives cells their flexibility? a. Which part is the “head”? 5) Why are saturated fats less healthy? b. Which part are the “tails”? How many? 6) What do the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic 2) What are the 2 parts of a triglyceride called? have to do with terms polar and non‐polar? a. Which part is the “head”? b. Which part are the “tails”? How many?
