Decrease pressure Shifts to side with or increase volume more moles of gas
1m = 109 nm Red Fat Cat Anions(-) travel towards ___________
Reduction occurs at the Cathode that gets Fat Anode
Nernst Equation
Log Q [Prod]/[React] Integrated Rate Law 1st order
Galvanic cells are thermodynamically favorable An Ox Cations (+) travel towards _________
+ E◦cell Oxidation occurs at the Anode and gets smaller Cathode
Eelctrochem Log Q __[Prod]__ [React] Less than 1
E cell increases
Eelctrochem Log Q __[Prod]__ [React] Greater than 1
E cell decreases
Solubility Rules for Group 1 and NO3-
Solube no exceptions
Solubility Rules for F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
Soluble except with Ag+, Hg+, Pb2+
Solubility Rules for OH-
Soluble except with Group 1 and Ca2+, Sr2+, Br2+
# of sigma & pi bonds in single, double, and triple bond
Single= 1 sigma Double= 1 sigma, 1 pi Triple= 1 sigma, 2 pi
Integrated Rate Law 2nd order
Effect of catalyst on reaction rate
Integrated Rate Law Zero order
Catalyst provides alternate pathway lowering Ea
Effect of temperature on reaction rate
Increase in temp= increased rxn rate b/c the avg KE of molecules & effective collissions become more energetic and have enough energy to overcome Ea. L/mol·time
Differentiated 1/time Kinetics- Overall 1st order units of k Differentiated L2/mol2·time rd Kinetics- overall 3 order units of k Ksp. Solve for K or Example: x(molar solubility Ca(OH)2—Ca2++ 2OHK= (x)(2x)2 K=[Ca2+][OH-]2
Differentiated Kinetics-overall 2nd order units of k Differentiated & M/time or Integrated Kinetics Mol/L·time Units for RATE Ka or Kb Ka/Kb= __x2___ [reactants] X=[OH-] or [H+] Use it to find pH
How do you find Kp or Kc
What indicator do you use
Use a rice table. You will solve for K or X.
Solve for pH of [H+]= ka_[Wa]__ soln of weak acid & [Wb] weak base mixture You can use M or or vice versa moles Do stronger acids have a higher or lower Ka value
Higher Ka values are stronger acids and dissociate more.
Solve for pH of a titration buffer system when you add a SA to a WB or a SB to a WA
pH=pKa at ½ equivalence pt. Pick indicator close ± pH at equivalence pt. [H+]= ka_[Wa+x]__ [Wb - x] Must use moles X is invader you are adding. Memorize all bond shapes and angles