Anaesthesia, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency A.P. I.C.E. 25 Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting – International Symposium on Critical Care Medicine
Antonino Gullo Editor
123
APICE 25
Antonino Gullo Editor
Anaesthesia, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency A.P.I.C.E. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting – International Symposium on Critical Care Medicine
123
Editor Antonino Gullo Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine Catania University Hospital Catania Italy
ISBN 978-88-470-5515-5 DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-5516-2
ISBN 978-88-470-5516-2
(eBook)
Springer Milan Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954017 Ó Springer-Verlag Italia 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Part I 1
Advances on Intensive and Critical Care Medicine
Combining Clinical Practices and Technology in Critical Care Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Younsuck Koh
3
2
Ultrasound in Critical Care: A Holistic Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . Daniel A. Lichtenstein
13
3
Assessment and Management of Circulatory Failure . . . . . . . . . . Kamen Valchanov
23
4
Simulation in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paolo Persona and Carlo Ori
39
Part II 5
Trauma Care Organisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roderick Mackenzie, Simon Lewis and Basil F. Matta
Part III 6
49
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Risk in Non-cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luca Ferdinando Lorini and Lorenzo Filippo Mantovani
Part IV 7
Trauma
75
Kidney
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Challenges and Evidences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Giorgio Berlot and Antoinette Agbedjro
85
v
vi
Contents
Part V
Lung
8
Postoperative Respiratory Complications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maria Vargas, Yuda Sutherasan and Paolo Pelosi
9
Old and New Strategies on Artificial Ventilation in ARDS Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paolo Pelosi, Maria Vargas and Iole Brunetti
10
Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marcello Migliore
Part VI
99
113
121
Severe Infections, Sepsis and MODS
11
Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luciano Silvestri, Hendrick K. F. van Saene and Serena Tomasino
135
12
Rationale of Antibiotics Anti-MRSA in Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . Francesco Scaglione
143
13
The Role of Microbiology for Diagnosis of Fungal Infections . . . . Salvatore Oliveri and Laura Trovato
149
14
Sepsis and Organ(s) Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Gullo, C. M. Celestre, A. L. Paratore, L. Silvestri and H. K. van Saene
157
15
Immunoglobulin as Adjunctive Therapy in Sepsis . . . . . . . . . . . . Massimo Girardis, Giulia Serafini and Ilaria Cavazzuti
193
Part VII
Cardiac Arrest: Optimization of Current Protocols
16
Determinants for More Efficient Defibrillation Waveforms. . . . . . Yongqin Li and Bihua Chen
203
17
Post-Resuscitation Hypothermia and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tommaso Pellis, Filippo Sanfilippo, Andrea Roncarati and Vincenzo Mione
219
Contents
Part VIII
vii
Humanization
18
Palliative Care in Pediatric Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marinella Astuto, Giuliana Arena, Rita Scalisi and Carmelo Minardi
233
19
End of Life Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cristina Santonocito
243
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
253
Acronyms
ABA ACCP ACHF ACS AECC AEDs AKI ALF AND APACHE APACHE II APRV ARDS ASA ATIII AUC/MIC BAL BCs BG BLUE-protocol BMI BNP BSIs BTE CA CAGTA CA-MRSA CDC CFU CHF CHVVVH CI CO
American Board of Anaesthesiologists American College of Chest Physicians Advanced congestive heart failure American College of Surgeons American–European Consensus Conference Automatic external defibrillators Acute kidney injury Alveolar lining fluid Allow natural death Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II Airway pressure release ventilation Acute respiratory distress syndrome American Society of Anesthesiologists Antithrombin III Area under the concentration-time curve and the minimum inhibitory concentrations Bronchoalveolar lavage Blood cultures 1,3-beta-d-glucan antigen Bedside lung ultra sound in emergency Body mass index Brain natriuretic peptide Bloodstream infections Biphasic truncated exponential Cardiac arrest Candida albicans IFA IgG for germ tube antibody detection Community-acquired MRSA Centers of disease control and prevention Colonies forming units Congestive heart failure High volume continuous veno-venous hemofiltration Confidence interval Cardiac output ix
x
COPD CPAP CPIS CPP CPR CRRT CRRT CTARP CUH CVP CVVH CXR DFT DM DNR DPAHC DVT EAPC EBM ECG ECMO ED EEG EFISG EGDT ELISA EMRs EMS EoE EORTC/MSG ER ERC ESBL ESCMID EtCO2 EUSOS FALLS-protocol FEVI FRC GCS GERD GM GUCH
Acronyms
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Continuous positive airway pressure Clinical pulmonary infection score Coronary perfusion pressure Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Continuous renal replacement therapy Continuous renal replacement treatments Cambridgeshire trauma audit and research project Cambridge university hospitals Central venous pressure Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration Chest radiograph Defibrillation threshold Diabetes mellitus Do-not-resuscitate Durable power of attorney for health care Deep venous thrombosis European association for palliative care Evidence based medicine Electrocardiogram Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Emergency department Electroencephalography European Fungal Infection Study Group Early goal directed therapy Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Electronic medical records Emergency medical service East of England European Organization for Research in the Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group Emergency rooms European Resuscitation Council Extended-Spectrum-b-Lactamase European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases End-tidal CO2 European surgical outcomes study Fluid administration limited by lung sonography Forced expiratory volume (in 0.1 sec) Functional residual capacity Glasgow coma scale Gastroesophageal reflux disease Galactomannan Grown up congenital heart disease
Acronyms
HAP HCAP HF HPE HPS hrAPC IABP IAP IC ICD ICPCN ICU IFD IFIs Ig IHD IL-1 IL-4 IL-6 IL-8 ILCOR IMPaCCT IRT IS ISS IT LAS VEGAS LUCI-FLR LUS LWMH MAP METs MIC MIE MITS MODS MRSA MSSA MTC MW NAO NCAG NCCN
xi
Hospital-acquired pneumonia Health care-associated pneumonia Heart failure Hemodynamic pulmonary edema Human patient simulator Human recombinant activated protein C Intra-aortic balloon pump Intraabdominal pressure Invasive candidiasis Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator International children’s palliative care network Intensive care units Invasive fungal diseases Invasive fungal infections Immunoglobulin Intermittent haemodialysis Interleukin 1 Interleukin 4 Interleukin 6 Interleukin 8 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International meeting for palliative care in children, Trento Intermittent renal treatments Incentive spirometry Injury severity score Information technology Local assessment of ventilatory management during general anaesthesia for surgery Lung ultrasound in the critically Ill favoring limitation of radiographies Lung ultrasound Low weight molecular heparin Mean arterial pressure Metabolic Equivalent Minimum inhibitory concentration Mini-invasive esophagectomy Minimally invasive thoracic surgery Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Meticillin-resistant S. aureus Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus Major Trauma Centre Molecular weight National Audit Office Clinical Advisory Groups National comprehensive cancer network
xii
NHLBI NHPCO NHS NIPPV NIV Noisy PSV NOTES NSQIP OCS OE OSA PAC PACS PAF PAN PAP PBS PBW PCA PCAS PCI PCR PCT PEA PEEP PERISCOPE PICU PIRO POEM PPCs PRF PROVHILO PSB PSDA PSV PTA PVR Qb Qf RCT RIFLE RLB ROSC
Acronyms
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization National health service Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation Non-invasive ventilation Noisy pressure support ventilation Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery National surgical quality improvement program Order communicating system Open esophagectomy Obstructive sleep apnea Pulmonary artery catheterisation Picture archiving communication system Platelet activating factor Polyacrilonytrile Plasmin/antiplasmin Protected specimen brush Predicted body weight Palliative care Australia Post-cardiac arrest syndrome Percutaneous coronary intervention Polymerase chain reaction Procalcitonin Pulseless electrical activity Positive end-expiratory pressure Prospective evaluation of a risk score for postoperative pulmonary complications in Europe Pediatric intensive care unit Predisposition, infection, host response, and organ dysfunction Peroral endoscopic myotomy Postoperative pulmonary complications Postoperative respiratory failure Protective Ventilation using high versus low positive endexpiratory pressure Protected specimen brush Patient self-determination act Pressure support ventilation Polymyxin E, tobramycin, and amphotericin B Pulmonary vascular resistance Blood flow Ultrafiltrate flow Controlled randomized trial Risk injury Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease Rectilinear biphasic Restoration of spontaneous circulation
Acronyms
RR RRT SAPS SCS SDD SIRS SLED SLIP score SNS SOD SOFA SOPs SSC SVR TA TARN TAT TEE Tele-ICU TF TH TIA TLR4 TNF TNF-a TNO TOE TTI TU UF VAE VAP VATS VF VT WHO
xiii
Risk ratio Replacement treatments Simplified acute physiology score Simple cardiac sonography Selective decontamination of the digestive tract Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Slow low efficiency dialysis Surgical lung injury predictor score Social network system Selective oropharyngeal decontamination Sequential organ failure assessment Standard operative procedures Surviving sepsis campaign Systemic vascular resistance Tracheal aspirate Trauma audit and research network Thrombin/antithrombin Transesophageal echocardiogram Telemedicine ICU Tissue factor Therapeutic hypothermia Transient Ischemic attack Toll-like receptor 4 Tumor necrosis factor Tumour necrosis factor-a Trauma network office Transoesophageal echocardiography Transthoracic impedance Trauma unit Ultrafiltrate Ventilator-associated event Ventilator-associated pneumonia Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia World Health Organization
