REPORT OF THE PILOT TRIAL OF BOSS MOSQUITO LONG LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS FOR MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA AND MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL OF NASARAWA AND FCT RESPECTIVELY, 20TH – 24TH DECEMBER 2012. 1.
INTRODUCTION
Mosquitoes are the vectors of many diseases among which is malaria, a life threatening parasitic disease that kills more than a million persons globally. About 90% of these deaths occur in Africa mostly among children and pregnant women. It is Africa’s leading cause of under-five mortality accounting for an estimated 20% of the deaths in the age group. The Federal and State governments have adopted various approaches ranging from case management, (access to free medication), long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), Indoor residual spraying (IRS) larval source management and recently insecticide treated windows and doors nets. Boss Special System Windows and Doors nets are treated with pyrethroid which act both as physical barrier and a repellent for malaria vectors and thus providing protection against malaria to house-holds using the nets. Following the introduction of the improved product to the National Malaria Control Programme by the team from the Boss Special System Limited, led by the Chairman and Chief Executive, Mr. Joe Zino Mugbeh and the organizations’ request for a pilot trial of the product, the Programme directed that a technical field trial of the product be carried out to ascertain the effectiveness and acceptability of the product in two sites. In view of this, the National Malaria Control Programme in collaboration with Boss Special Systems Limited conducted a trial on the Insecticide treated Windows and Doors Nets. These Nets are manufactured by Boss Special Systems Limited, an indigenous company based in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The objectives of this trial were 1. To evaluate the residual effectiveness of the Windows and Doors Nets on indoor resting density of adult Anopheles mosquitoes in Nasarawa and the FCT.
2. To ascertain acceptability of the product by the households in the two areas. Methodology 2.1
Highlights of the activities
Participants at the trial were: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Dr. Nnenna Ezeiqwe Dr. J. D. Akilah Mr. D. A. Ordu Godson Kingsley Adaolisa E. Udoh I. Juliana O.
NC, NMCP Head,IVM IVM, NMCP IVM, NMCP IVM, NMCP IVM, NMCP IVM, NMCP
The team carried out advocacy visit to the Director Primary Health Care, Karu Local Government Area on Thursday 20th December 2012. Dr. Akilah introduced the objectives of the visit which he said was to familiarize with the LGA health Department on the proposed pilot trial. He highlighted different Programmes carried out in the LGA stating that the LGA was selected based on the population and incidence of malaria in the area. 2.2
Advocacy visits
The Director Primary Health Care of the LGA welcomed the team, stating that malaria control programme is one of the key programmes that the LGA is embarking on. She informed that different organizations have been supporting the LGA especially on malaria control programmes. He pledged the support of her team but pointing out the need for feed back to enable the LGA have the report on the outcome of the trial. she emphasized the need to pay advocacy visit to the community leader to ensure community acceptance and support. The team in the company of the LGA malaria focal person further paid advocacy visit to the community leader for Rugan-Juli community where the trial was carried out for nasarawa state. an advocacy visit was also paid to the leader of the Police Quarters at the Federal Housing, Nyanya which was selected as the second trial area. 2.3
Household Selection
A total of five households were selected in each site and all windows and entry and exit doors completely screened with the insecticide treated windows and doors nets. 2.4
Baseline data collection.
Baseline survey was carried out in the two sites using the Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) method to ascertain the malaria vector indoor resting density. The data collected is as follows:
2.5 Monitoring The monitoring was done for a total of four weeks. PSC was used to determine presence of mosquitoes 3. Result The results were presented in narrative using tables and figures 3.1
Data Analysis
3.1.1 Baseline data The baseline data collected in the two communities of Rugan Juli and Nyanya Police Quarters showed that between 2-3 persons slept in each of the five rooms sampled in Rugan Juli community while between 5-8 persons slept in the HHs in Nyanya. Only three (60%)) out of the five rooms had LLINs while all five (100%) rooms reported presence of mosquitoes in Rugan Juli. None (0%)of the five rooms in Nyanya had LLINs but all (100%)reported presence of mosquitoes. The total number of mosquitoes caught in the five rooms in Rugan Juli during the baseline survey was 13 with 10 (77%) were fully fed while of 102 mosquitoes caught in Nyanya, 75 (74%) were fully fed. Figure 1: Baseline survey
3.1.2 Baseline information The baseline data is found in Tables 1and 2 Table 1: Baselines Data for Rugan-Juli Community. House No. No. of People who slept in Room House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 Total
Indicators LLIN present? Aerosol (Y/N) used? (Y/N)
3 3 3 2 2 13
No No No Yes Yes
No of mosquitoes
No No No Yes No
9 1 2 0 1 13
No. of Mosquitoes caught 8 (88.9%) 1 (100%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10 (77%)
Table 2: Baselines Data for Nyanya Police Quarters. House No.
House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5
No. of People who slept in Room 8 8 6 5 7 32
LLIN present? (Y/N)
Indicators Aerosol used? (Y/N)
No of mosquitoes
No No No No
No Yes Yes No
6 3 3 5
No
No
85 102
No. of Mosquitoes caught 4 (66.7%) 3 (100%) 3 (100%) 3 (100%) 60 (70.6% ) 73 (72%)
3.2
Monitoring
Following the completion of the baseline survey and house screening, a-weekly monitoring exercise was conducted in all selected households in the two communities on the project. the data collected during the monitoring exercise is as presented in the tables below: Table 3: Week 1 monitoring in Rua Juli Community. House No.
Indicators LLIN Aerosol used? present Used (Y/N) yes yes No No No No
House 1 House 2
No. of People who slept in Room 3 3
House 3
3
No
No
No
0
0 (0%)
House 4
2
yes
No
No
0
0 (0%)
House 5
2
yes
No
No
0
0 (0%)
0
0 (0%)
Total
13
No of mosquitoes caught 0 0
No. of Mosquitoes fed 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Table 4: Week 1 monitoring in Nyanya Police Community. House No.
House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 Total
Indicators No. of People who slept in Room 7 7 5 2 8 29
LLIN Present 1 0 1 0 0 2
Used 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aerosol used? (Y/N) No No Yes 0 0
No of mosquitoes caught 5 0 5 18 10 38
No. of Mosquitoe s Fed 3 (60%) 0 (0 %) 3 (60%) 14 (77.8%) 6 (60%) 26 (68.4%)
No of mosquitoes caught 0 : 0
No. of Mosquitoes Fed 0 (0 %) : 0 (0 %)
0 0 0
0 (0 %) 0 (0 %) 0 (0%)
Table 5: Week 2 monitoring in Ruga Juli Community. House No.
House 1 House 2 House 3
No. of People who slept in Room 3 Not accessed 5
House 4 House 5 Total
2 1 11
Indicators LLIN Aerosol used? Present Used (Y/N) yes No No : : : No No No No yes
No No
No No
Table 6: Week 2 monitoring in Nyanya Police Quarters. House No.
House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 Total
No. of People who slept in Room Not accessed 7 6 2 5 18
LLIN present ; 0 1 0 0 1
Indicators Aerosol used? Used (Y/N) ; ; 0 No 0 Yes 0 0 0 0 0
No of mosquitoes caught ; 0 1 1 14 16
No. of Mosquitoes Fed ; 0 (0 %) 1 (100 %) 1 (100 %) 10 (71.4%) 12 (75%)
Table 7: Week 3 monitoring in Ruga Juli Community. House No. No. of People who slept in Room House 1 House 2 House 3
3 Not accessed 5
House 4 House 5 Total
2 2 12
Indicators LLIN Aerosol used? present Used (Y/N) yes No No : : : No No No No yes
No No
No No
No of mosquitoes caught 0 0 0
No. of Mosquito es Fed 0 (0 %) 0 (0 %) 0 (0 %)
0 0 0
0 (0 %) 0 (0 %) 0 (0%)
Table 8: Week 3 monitoring in Nyanya Police Quarters. House No.
House 1 House 2 House 3
No. of People who slept in Room 7 7 6
House 4 House 5 Total
2 Not assessed 22
LLIN present
Indicators Aerosol used? Used (Y/N)
No of mosquitoes caught
No. of Mosquitoes Fed
1 0 1
0 0 0
No No Yes
1 0 0
(100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
0 : 2
0 : 0
0 :
0 : 1
0 (0%) : (:) 1 (100%)
Table 9: Week 4 monitoring in Ruga Juli Community. House No.
House House House House House Total
1 2 3 4 5
Indicators No. of People who slept in Room 3 Not accessed 5 2 2 12
LLIN present
Used
yes : No No yes
No : No No No
Aerosol used? (Y/N) No : No No No
No of mosquitoes caught 0 : 0 0 0 1
No. of Mosquitoes Fed 0 (0%) : 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
No of mosquitoes caught 0 2 0 0 : 2
No. of Mosquitoes Fed 0 (0%) 1 (50%)) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) : (:) 1 (50%)
Table 10: Week 4 monitoring in Nyanya Police Quarters. House No.
House House House House House Total
1 2 3 4 5
Indicators No. of People who slept in Room 7 7 6 2 Not assessed 22
LLIN present
Used
1 0 1 0 : 2
0 0 0 0 : 0
Aerosol used? (Y/N) No No Yes 0 :
Monitoring Data. The monitoring recorded a total of 38 mosquitoes in Nyanya Police quarters with 26 (68.4%) fed while none (0%) was caught in Ruga Juli community in week one (Tables 3 and 4). A total of 12 (75%) fed mosquitoes out of the 16 caught in Nyanya Police quaterts were recorded for the second monitoring week while none (0%) was found in Rugan Juli for the second week of the monitoring (Tables 5 and 6). The third and fourth weeks of the monitoring recorded 1 (100%) and 50%) fed mosquito respectively in Nyanya police quarters and none (0%) in Rugan Juli. Conclusion The result obtained from the study showed appreciable reduction in the indoor resting densities of both Anopheles sp and Culex sp mosquitoes in the the two study sites when compared with the baseline. This shows that appropriate house screening using the Boss Special System Detachable Windows and Magnetic Door Nets can contribute to the reduction of malaria vectors, vis-à-vis malaria control.
Photo Album of the Pilot Trial for Windows and Doors Nets in Rugan Juli and Nyanya Communities. Pre pilot Advocacy visit to the two communities
Screening exercise for doors and windows
PSC and mosquitoes collected during baseline study in Nyanya and Rugan Juli
